Sunday, December 15, 2019

The mistress and harp of burma Free Essays

In Japanese Literature, stories have often depicted what greatly influenced the prevalent period of common life and social sentiment. In the two books written by Japanese authors in two separate periods of Japan’s history, a transition is clearly seen through literature often expressed in superb storytelling. In Ogai Mori’s â€Å"The Wild Geese†, human struggle is greatly influenced by tales of love in the midst of Japan’s industrialization boom. We will write a custom essay sample on The mistress and harp of burma or any similar topic only for you Order Now Writers depict and assimilate the concepts of free-thinking which brought romance and human emotion to the limelight. The familiarity of the reforms established during the period for which Ogai’s novel was actually written apparently brought forward the chance to openly discuss Japan’s so-called evil customs and traditions in a bid to strengthen the imperial rule. Okada, as one of the main characters clearly narrated how he felt that a woman should be only a beautiful object, something loveable, a being who keeps her beauty and loneliness no matter what the situation she is in (Ogai, 20). In the same page, Okada added that this sentiment is brought about under the influence of habitual reading of old Chinese love stories. There is therefore a clear view in principle that establishes a need to disregard culture and ideas that wrongly adapted the old Oriental ways which often restricted free-thinkers to intellectually prosper. In Toyoda’s movie, â€Å"The Mistress†, adapted from Mori Ogai’s The Wild Geese, oriental values was the main discussion with aims to expose the ancient cultural standards that stand in the way of personal freedom. In Otama we see the oppressed and marginalized people driven and deceived without any hope of being uplifted from the moral and restrictive bounds that society places upon them. The simplistic adventure of romance in a plot heightens into limelight the realities of life and the prevailing social views of the middle class which somehow voices out a need for reform in the Meiji Restoration period. Several decades later after Japan was able to stand on its own two feet, Japan experienced a wartime defeat that brought home sad stories of soldiers taken as prisoners of war. Takayama’s â€Å"Harp of Burma† showed pacifism as the main aim of both novel and on film. â€Å"We have to be ready for hardship, for all we know, we may die here in Burma. If that time comes, let us die together†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , (Takeyama, 33). Such poignant words relay veiled patriotism whose desire for peace in an armistice agreement with their British captors aims to relay the evils of war. Written during a period where wartime horrors still stayed afresh in the minds of the Japanese people, there was not an ounce of blame or an aim to proclaim the evils of their captors. Its sincere inward idea was just to dwell on the problems the war brought to everyone involved. In retrospect, The Harp of Burma establishes a deeper humanistic connection to modern day events where peace is the common desire of mankind. The movie through cinematic effect exceeds sensory reflection that somehow created a link to present day situations around the world where wars and battles are fought. Although Ogai’s novel discussed social issues on a road to recovery, the pressing need for peace exceeds in meaning and connection through the Harp of Burma that was successfully portrayed in film. Seeing the ravages of war makes a good reflection how one favors such madness that resulted in tragedy and death. As an anti-war film, it even exceeded the points portrayed in its novel where suffering is presented as a result of too much desire. As a challenge to survival, the movie â€Å"Fires on the Plain† declares a clearly made manifestation of human woes compared to the movie of the same title, â€Å"The Burmese Harp†. Both movies however adapted Takeyama’s novel The Harp of Burma that depicted a deep sense of longing for the fatherland while emphasizing compassion in the midst of survival and atrocities. As a human interest film, â€Å"Fires on the Plain† arouses a relative connection through artistic performance of reality in full color for young viewers to understand how wars wreak and break even the strongest heart. Works Cited Mori, Ogai trans. Ociai, Kingo and Goldstein, Sanford (1959). The Wild Geese. Boston: Tuttle Publishing Takeyama, Michio trans., Howard Hibbett ( 1966). Harp of Burma. Boston: Tuttle Publishing.       How to cite The mistress and harp of burma, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Strategic Development Within an Organisation

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Development Within an Organisation. Answer: Introduction In this report discussion related to business strategies and decision making process of business organisation has been undertaken. Woodside Petroleum is the business organisation has been used in this report to implement different aspects. Brief introduction of Woodside Petroleum has been discussed and different business strategies undertaken by Woodside Petroleum have been discussed. Woodside Petroleum also involves in some controversies and among them two has been analysed in this report. Internal and external environmental analysis has been done so that different aspects and factors affecting Woodside Petroleum can be analysed. PEST analysis and SWOT analysis has been used to analyse environment. Organisation culture and leadership style of Woodside Petroleum has been discussed and analysed in this report. Business Strategies and their Aapplication Background of Woodside Petroleum Woodside Petroleum is one of the leading business organisation engaged in the business operations of oil and gas. Oil extraction is one of the core business operation or product portfolios of Woodside Petroleum. Woodside Petroleum is engaged in different business operations like exploring, developing, producing and marketing trading. Mission- Mission of Woodside Petroleum is to maximise value of core assets used in the business operations. Mission is to grow product portfolio that Woodside Petroleum has for their business operations. Last mission is to leverage capabilities as a leading business organisation. Vision- Vision of Woodside Petroleum is to be leader or global leader in terms of upstream oil and gas products and extraction. Competitive advantage- Competitive advantage of Woodside Petroleum is the functional capabilities and use of advance technology operational efficiency. Decision making capabilities in terms of operational and setting priority in developing values is competitive advantage over others. Business strategies Current strategy of Woodside Petroleum is to be positioned them in the section in order to have reliable core asset base, strong relationship with stakeholders and create capabilities or competitive advantage over others. Core business strategy is to conduct value chain analysis in the business operations and manage value chain (Aras and Ebooks Corporation 2012). Business strategy of Woodside Petroleum is to grow and explore more in the exploration business operation. Current strategy of Woodside Petroleum is sustainability business strategy. Under this strategy, pollution prevention, sustainable development and utilisation of resources in most optimised manner is the major outcome (Rogers and Makonnen, 2014). Two Controversies and Outline the Outcomes Controversy 1 Woodside Petroleum has been started a project in liquefied natural gas and which involves investment of $ 45 billion. This investment is made under off shore exploration of oil and gas in Western Australia. After passage of some time, positive headlines related to new project of Woodside Petroleum has created interested in terms of investment in the project. After two years many companies has invested $ 140 billion in new project of Woodside Petroleum. This has increased production of gas and Australia has becoming attractive in terms of exporting gas (Ralph et al., 2014). After some time, investors interest was shifted towards some other projects and they deploy their investments from project initiated by Woodside Petroleum. This causes some loss while operating project and after some time Woodside Petroleum had withdrawal from their project. This is most shocking decision of Woodside Petroleum as this project is started with the intention of developing Australian market and put positive impact on economy. This decision has impacted many business organisations operating their business in Australia and many on shore projects have been hampered. In this whole business decisions many stakeholders associated with the project has faced downtime in terms of stock prices and business operations. Controversy 2 Woodside Petroleum leaves from Mauritania project has also comes under controversy on the basis of ethical decision making by the management of Woodside Petroleum. In this controversy, management of Woodside Petroleum has taken decision of selling assets of oil extraction that project of oil extraction in Mauritania is using. Sale agreement is made between project and Petroliam National Berhad and Woodside Petroleum. Petroliam National Berhad is the government owned business organisation by Malaysian government. Mauritania project has reported highest level of sales revenues (including Woodside Petroleums production, exploration and development). This project is named as Chinguetti project. But soon this project has not lived up to expatiation of Woodside Petroleum standards in terms of oil extraction and production. Production level of Mauritania project has been set to be 75000 barrels per day but they are able to produce 15000 barrels per day. Woodside Petroleum has withdrawn from the project and government of Africa has faced high losses. In this transaction, Woodside Petroleum has taken unethical decision as they are involved with Malaysian government and withdrawn from the African contract, as left open and in loss. Environmental Analysis (External and Internal Analysis) PESTLE Analysis Political environment- Each and every company at the market place get affected by political environment in the way of government policies and rules. In the same way, Australian oil industry involves labours to work, wages top pay and taxation policies to be followed. Political pressure will always impact workplace and work practices of Woodside Petroleum in Australian market place. Government intervention and policies made by government impacts decisions taken by management of market place in Australia. Economic environment- Economic condition of the country or market place will impact business entity sand their decision making process. In case of Woodside Petroleum, their long term decisions will be impact with economic factors or state of economy in Australian market. Economic factor like demand and supply of oil in the country will decide price of products and price of oil will also depends on currency market. Inflation rate and balance of payment in Australia has impacted Woodside Petroleum in its decision making. Social environment- Demographic, income distribution, migration, culture and religion are some aspects that impacts decision making process of Woodside Petroleum. Culture is the most important consideration that business entity has to take care of and in case of Australian oil market; society does not consider oil extraction a negative activity. There are some section of society which consider oil extraction by Woodside Petroleum or by other companies to be source of pollution and impact environment in negative manner. Technological environment- In oil extraction industry, heavy equipments is used in order to undertake business operations. Pipelines, extraction equipments, oil tanks and transportation methods are some areas where Woodside Petroleum has impacted. Another area of technological use by the Woodside Petroleum or in oil extraction industry is in providing safety to workers, enhance efficiency, etc. These areas are to be managed by management of Woodside Petroleum and technology has impact business operations (Sun et al., 2014). SWOT Analysis Strength Main focus of management is on technological development and developing innovation in the business operations. Has highest area of oil extraction in Australia. Woodside Petroleum has competitive advantage in terms of market coverage and leading business organisation. Experienced management, capable managers in the business operations, quality oil extraction assets are some strength of Woodside Petroleum (Alexandru, 2015). Weakness Woodside Petroleum is involved in biggest Australian oil extraction scandal in past years. This scandal is related to jamming price points in terms of oil industry. Woodside Petroleum has been facing many legal issues in their business management. One of the most important legal issues is the litigation of illegal land acquisition (Helms, 2013). Opportunities Management is considering to expand their LNG capabilities in their business operations has the biggest opportunity. Woodside Petroleum has undertaken various projects that will build LNG market for Woodside Petroleum and they can become market leader. There is opportunity for Woodside Petroleum in term of supply of gas i.e. they can supply on shore and off shore (Yuan, 2013). Threats There are various common threats that are involve or attached with oil or nature extraction companies like natural disasters, accidents at large level, etc. Operating risk involve in business operations of oil extraction industry. Oorganizational Culture or Leadership Style within the Organisation Organisational Culture Leadership styles, decisions and management of business operations in terms of influencing employees or team members to accomplish or achieve management objectives. These activities became organisational culture under which employees are directed and controlled (Leadership styles, 2016). Core value of Woodside Petroleum has been towards creating maximum value of assets, maintaining leverage and development of product portfolio. Organisational culture is the process of influencing people of organisation, value and beliefs are shares in this process and behaviour of employees are directed and controlled towards achievement of objectives and goals of Woodside Petroleum. In case of Woodside Petroleum, Peter J Coleman is the chief executive office and managing director. Role of Peter J Coleman is to build strong and positive organisational cultural that influence achievement of organisational objectives. Leadership Style Autocratic- In this leadership style, managers will take decisions alone i.e. without considering view points of subordinates or employees. In this leadership style no authority will be delegated to employees so that they can take decisions by their own (Turner, 2016). In this type of leadership style, leader needs to posses qualities like strong decision maker, emphatic, etc. Once decided by leader or manager then everyone has to follow the decision (Burgess and Vachon, 2016). This type of leadership has been adopted by Woodside Petroleum at their middle level of management. In this case, decisions taken by managers of different departments have to be followed by employees of respective divisions. Democratic- Under this type of leadership style, leaders will take input or suggestions from his / her team members or from employees. In this leadership type, leaders can consider suggestions but at last leaders or managers are required to take decisions for the whole division or team (Saeed et al., 2014). Ultimate responsibility of decision will lie in the hands of leaders only and no other team member can be liable for the same. Democratic leadership is usually find in small organisations were there are small members (Cook and Rouse, 2014). Transactional- In this type of leadership style, managers or leaders of divisions receive some tasks or work from management. Then managers or leaders are required to set predetermined goals or targets in consultation of employees or team members. Directions provided by managers are required to be followed by employees and in doing so performance will be measured for rewards and punishments (OConnell, 2016). There are some bonuses like incentives, bonus pay, etc and punishment likes deduction of salary, increase targets, etc. Woodside Petroleum has been using transactional leadership style in their business operations. Following are Sme Results of Leadership on Strategy and Culture of Woodside Petroleum Motivate employees- Leader or manager has to achieve their organisational objectives and goals and for the same they are required to develop business strategy or plan. In this case Woodside Petroleum has to motivate their employees so that they can be directed and influenced towards achievement of organisational goal. Peter J Coleman has formulated and initiated many reward policies and remuneration policies that motivate managers and employees to perform better (Gillam and Siriwardena, 2013). This has resulted in achievement of organisational goals and objectives in more effective manner. Initiate innovation- It is the responsibility and duty of leader to set agenda or to set objectives of targets. Effective leaders or leadership, influence team members or employees to build positive organisational culture (R?ducan and R?ducan, 2014). In case of Woodside Petroleum, leader or CEO Peter J Coleman has initiated new process of business management. Leaders are required to initiate innovation in the business operations so as to achieve competitive advantage over its competitors. Another important result that Woodside Petroleum has achieved is effective communication process in the business operations (Kim and Thompson, 2012). Conclusion It can be concluded that business strategy is the most important aspect of the business organisation that shall be analysed and implemented. Corporate strategies include different aspects of business organisation. Woodside Petroleum has been involved in many controversies and two of them have been discussed in this report. PEST analysis is the best analysis tool in order to analyse external environment. SWOT analysis has used to analyse internal factors that impacts business operations. Organisational culture is the value and believes that impact business organisation in terms of directing employees in achieving organisational objectives. References "Leadership styles", 2016,Nursing Older People,vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 43-43. Alexandru, B. 2015, "SWOT ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN BUCHAREST",Management Research and Practice,vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 14. Aras, G., eBook Library (EBL) Ebooks Corporation 2012,Business strategy and sustainability,1st edn, Emerald, Bingley, UK. Burgess, Z. Vachon, P. 2016, "Leaders to follow; Experts say growing a leadership team takes dedication, time",Crain's Detroit Business,vol. 32, no. 35, pp. 13. Cook, J. Rouse, L. 2014,Leadership and management in the early years: a practical guide to building confident leadership skills,Teaching Solutions, Albert Park, [Victoria]; Albert Park, Australia;. Gillam, S. Siriwardena, A.N. 2013, "Leadership and management for quality",Quality in primary care,vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 253. Helms, M. 2013,SWOT Analysis Framework. Kim, T.H. Thompson, J.M. 2012, "Organizational and market factors associated with leadership development programs in hospitals: a national study",Journal of healthcare management / American College of Healthcare Executives,vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 113. OConnell, D. 2016, "Leadership styles and improved governance outcomes",Governance Directions,vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 202-206. R?ducan, R. R?ducan, R. 2014, "Leadership and Management",Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,vol. 149, pp. 808-812. Ralph, N., Birks, M., Chapman, Y. Francis, K. 2014, "Future-Proofing Nursing Education",SAGE Open,vol. 4, no. 4. Rogers, S. Makonnen, R. 2014,Entrepreneurial finance: finance and business strategies for the serious entrepreneur,Third;3rd; edn, McGraw-Hill Education, New York. Saeed, T., Almas, S., Anis-ul-Haq, M. Niazi, G. 2014, "Leadership styles: relationship with conflict management styles",International Journal of Conflict Management,vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 214-225. Sun, Y., Guo, P., Ma, Z., Li, T. Dang, S. 2014, "UK-based external business environment analysis of outdoor adventure clothing using the PESTEL tool and its future outlook", IEEE, , pp. 306. Turner, R., 2016;,Design Leadership : Securing the Strategic Value of Design,Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Yuan, H. 2013, "A SWOT analysis of successful construction waste management",Journal of Cleaner Production,vol. 39, pp. 1-8.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Vacation! Essays - Air Illinois Flight 710,

Vacation?! Vacation ?! This year, almost like every year, I decided to spend my summer vacation with my family far away from any tourist attractions at a place in the middle of nowhere. Wednesday morning we were hurring in the usual manner, half an hour too late, to the airport, because my wife and my 16-year-old daughter spent half a day in the bathroom. What, in the world, are they doing there? Why does it take them so long? Why, above all, is that it takes them so long today even though they know we are late? I will never understand this. But enough of women's weird bathroom behavior now, this is not our theme today. No, our them today is travelling. So now picture me driving like a maniac during rush hour to get to the airport half across the city with two teenagers on the backseat killing each other on time. I try to be patient and not to burst into tears or killing someone. I have been through this for several years now. But especially today where half of the nation is on the street, millions of white haired Sunday drivers are plugging the streets. Not getting made at those drivers is not one of my advanced social skills? Only 60 seconds left until the departure of our plane we reached the airport and as usual they changed the departure gate. If that would be something new for me, they always change the departure gate, especially when you are late. So I went to the information, knowing before hand what the answer will be and not expecting anything different. ?Gate two.? I don't know why, but that is what they always tell you. ?Where the Gate for the flight number 243648 you ask. ?Gate two.? ?Where is the Concorde gate ?Gate two.? ?Where can I find the Gate for the flight to Australia ?Gate two.? ?Where is Gate seven ?Gate two.? Well, after standing in a painful slowly moving line, I got my information: ?Gate two.? Ten minutes later, we found our departure gate, it was gate no. seven. Finally after all we made our plane. There is the thing with the flight attendance. They come in two types, all disagreeable. First, there the flight attendance who are never there and you actually do not even know that they exist. You keep asking them for stuff and they tell you: ?Just one moment, please!?, but you never get it. Secondly, there are the ones who are the most nicest, friendliest and sweetiest person in the world and all they want is to comfort you, but do not want any comfort or help. My least favorite ones is the one you can not get rid of. They always come up to you and say: ?Sir, can I help you somehow You tell her: ? No, thank you. I'm fine? ?Ok,?she replies and a couple minutes later she comes back. ?Do you want coffee or tee ? No, thank you. I'm fine? ?Orange or apple juice? Maybe, some nuts ?No, thank you! I don't want anything.? ?We also have chocolate covered brezels ?No, thank you! I don't want anything.? ?Would you like to try them ?I really don't want to try them.? ?I'm sure you will like them. They are very delicious!? ?Please understand, I'm allergic to nuts and brezels. So I don't really want them!!!? She gives you a charming smile and thirty seconds later she is back telling you: ?We also have fruit snacks.? ?Listen, I don't want anything to eat. I just want to realax and enjoy the flight. I had a really tough da. So, please leave me alone!? ?How do you fell about duty free shopping, she replies. Do you see what I mean? They drive you insane before you already know it. Being on vacation is such a tough time, but it all comes to a point where I decide to send my family through all this alone next year and I saty home. After a three hour delayed flight we reached our final destination. The moment I saw the hotel, I left my family there, turned around, took the next flight home and locked the door. English Essays

Monday, November 25, 2019

African American History and Women Timeline 1960-1969

African American History and Women Timeline 1960-1969 [Previous] [Next] 1960 Ruby Bridges integrated an all-white elementary school in New Orleans, Louisiana Ella Baker among others organized SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) at Shaw University Wilma Rudolph became the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals, and was named Athlete of the Year by the United Press 1961 CORE Freedom Rides began, with the aim of desegregating public buses many brave women and men participated (March 6) Executive Order by John F. Kennedy promoted affirmative action to abolish racial biases in hiring on projects where federal funds were involved 1962 Meredith v. Fair case argued by Constance Baker Motley. The decision allowed James Meredith to be admitted to the University of Mississippi. 1963 (September 15) Denise McNair, Carole Robertson, Addie Mae Collins, and Cynthia Weston, ages 11-14, killed in the bombing of 16th Street Church in Birmingham, Alabama Dinah Washington (Ruth Lee Jones) died (singer) 1964 (April 6) Mrs. Frankie Muse Freeman becomes the first woman on the new U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (July 2) US Civil Rights Act of 1964 became law Fannie Lou Hamer testified for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party before the Credentials Committee of the Democratic National Convention 1965 Viola Liuzzo murdered by Ku Klux Klan members after participating in civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama affirmative action was required to eliminate racial bias in hiring on federally-funded projects, as defined by Executive Order 11246 Patricia Harris became the first African American woman ambassador (Luxemburg) Mary Burnett Talbert died (activist: anti-lynching, civil rights) Dorothy Dandridge died (actress, singer, dancer) Lorraine Hansberry died (playwright, wrote Raisin in the Sun) 1966 (August 14) Halle Berry born (actress) (August 30) Constance Baker Motley appointed a federal judge, the first African American woman to hold that office 1967 (June 12) in Loving v. Virginia, Supreme Court ruled that laws prohibiting interracial marriage were unconstitutional, voiding statutes still on the books in 16 states (October 13) 1965 Executive Order 11246, requiring affirmative action to eliminate racial bias in hiring on federally-funded projects, was amended to include gender-based discrimination Aretha Franklin, Queen of Soul, recorded her signature song, Respect 1968 Shirley Chisholm was the first African American woman elected to the US House of Representatives   Audre Lorde  published her first book of poems,  The First Cities. 1969 (October 29) Supreme Court ordered immediate desegregation of school districts [Previous] [Next] [1492-1699] [1700-1799] [1800-1859] [1860-1869] [1870-1899] [1900-1919] [1920-1929] [1930-1939] [1940-1949] [1950-1959] [1960-1969] [1970-1979] [1980-1989] [1990-1999] [2000-]

Friday, November 22, 2019

Functions of Water Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Functions of Water - Assignment Example Water can be got from any drink but more so from milk and water itself. Vegetables are the other types of food that contain a lot of water and hence encouraged to be eaten regularly. Fruits also fall into that category of containing a lot of food. These include fruits such as watermelons and apples which are juicy. This, therefore, means that people should be aware of the type of food they eat in order to ensure they have a lot of water in their body to sustain them even if they cannot drink a lot of water. People are encouraged to take in a lot of fruits and vegetables (Houston and Robin 24). There is no specific amount of water an individual should take. The amount of water needed as it depends on the age of the individual and the amount of water the individual’s body can take. The intake will also depend on the activities one in the undertaking, the weather among other things. The recommended amount is around eight glasses of water daily but this is not a fixed number. People know their ability to take in water and as long as they ensure they drink a reasonable amount of water that can sustain their body as well as eating foods containing water, they are good. The lack of enough water in the body leads to a condition known as dehydration which is also known as water deficiency. This happens when the rate of water intake is minimal compared to the amount being lost and especially during physical exercises or in warm weather. The symptoms include dry mouth, poor skin, breathing shallows, eyes sunken, weakness, exhaustion and even going into a coma for really severe cases. Kidneys and other body organs can also begin shutting down due to the lack of water in the cells and blood. One fact is that if one drinks too much water and too quickly for that matter it can lead to water intoxication where the water will dilute the sodium in the blood causing an imbalance in the brain.  

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Elgin's Marbles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Elgin's Marbles - Essay Example Lord Elgin had risen through the ranks and asked for the post as Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire in Constantinople. He met and married a Scottish heiress, Mary Nisbet of Earlton. Lord Elgin felt that he knew the best place to achieve architectural significance and wanted to bring some of the passion and style back to the British artists and architects, in order to uplift and inspire them. Lady Elgin and her wealth allowed him to achieve his desire. Greek architecture at that time was considered the ultimate experience and being of great significance and Lord Elgin ensured he was part of the society. He employed artists and architects to paint, sketch and make molds of what he considered to be the best artwork in Athens, Greece. He believed that the artistic work held the highest significance and expression of civilization and that this cultural experience would encourage the British artists of the day. Lord Elgin purchased sections of the marble frieze from the Ottoman Empire for a price of  £75,000. He then had the difficult task of getting a ship to transport them to England. This was during the Napoleonic wars and their friend Nelson was reluctant to provide a vessel for the shipment. Mary used her guile and persuasion to eventually gain a passage for the artifacts (Nagel, from front matter). Lord Elgin considered his purchases to be a great achievement for the British Empire. A Government Select Committee agreed to purchase the marbles from Lord Elgin for  £36,000 in 1816, a massive financial loss for Lord Elgin.... He then had the difficult task of getting a ship to transport them to England. This was during the Napoleonic wars and their friend Nelson was reluctant to provide a vessel for the shipment. Mary used her guile and persuasion to eventually gain a passage for the artefacts (Nagel, from front matter). Lord Elgin considered his purchases to be a great achievement for the British Empire. A Government Select Committee agreed to purchase the marbles from Lord Elgin for 36,000 in 1816, a massive financial loss for Lord Elgin (British Museum, newsroom, 1). They were then placed and still remain in the British Museum and given the collectors name of Elgin's Marbles (British Museum, Collection 2). Picture 4.0 A Section of the Elgin Marbles The British Museum initially placed the artefacts in a prefabricated gallery which had been designed by Robert Smirke (British Museum, Collection 2). Then they were transferred to another section aptly named the 'Elgin Room' in 1832 (British Museum, Collection 2) until Lord Duveen donated money to the museum to construct a purpose built gallery for the marbles. (British Museum, Collection 2). Picture 5.0 A Section of the Elgin Marbles Preparations were carried out to clean the sculptures ready for display in their new Duveen rooms. Wire wool was used to clean off the surfaces of all of the marbles in 1939. This cleaning method also included the use of copper chisels and carborundum (British museum collection, 3). It was believed that the original color of the marble was pure white and the intensions were genuinely administered in order to return the pieces back to their original state. This cleaning method removed the entire

Monday, November 18, 2019

The definition of intention in the case of Woolin lacks clarity. A Essay

The definition of intention in the case of Woolin lacks clarity. A legislative definition is necessary so as to ensure that ther - Essay Example In other words, the end result was not the intended outcome by the actor. Kugler further explained that much debate has been on the issue whether a case might be judged and the accused sentenced using the distinction between intention and recklessness. On the other hand, the intention of the actor has to be established as clearly as possible in passing out murder judgments to the defendant to avoid the temptation of involving judicial moralism in the cases. The problem in this case is extended by the introduction of morality in criminal jurisdictions. The use of a moral formula in defining the offence as kugler (2002) explained has been the cause of much acrimony in courts today. The use of the double effect doctrine inter alia, requires that, oblique intention should not be the same in all cases involving a crime of intention as well as using a moral formula in defining some offences in criminal cases. Ross (1996) in his explanation of morality, justice and judicial morality explain ed that the issue of introducing morality in corridors of justice has raised much concern and debates in courts. ... In the case of Woollin throwing the child in the room, which led to the child’s death, there lacks a clear defined intent in the action, which would make it possible for the juror to possibly infer on the laws of morality in sentencing the accused. It would therefore be more prudent to have clearly defined laws which would define the aspect of intent to avoid judicial morality in arguing out cases in the courts, which as Willson (2000) explained has been the dilemma in many criminal cases. The case of Regina v Woolin (1Cr. App. R. 8, 1999) involved a heated debate about the intent and the actual action of the accused that led to the death of a child, after Woolin threw the child in the room causing the child to suffer a fractured skull that led to his death. The accused on his defense argued that, the intention was to cause just slight harm to the child and was not to cause the death of the child through the serious harm suffered. From the case, it might be certain that Wollin had prior knowledge of his actions and was aware well in adverse that the action would result into serious harm to the child as could be defined by mens rea. The dilemma of intention was further brought out through the Nedrick case (83, Cr. App. R. 267, 1986) by Lord Lane, C.J. In the ruling the judge ruled that in a case where, the accused has been charged with murder and the jury have to decide whether the accused intended to kill or to inflict serious bodily harm, the jury cannot therefore infer the intention to the accused unless where the serious bodily harm might be of virtual certainty due to the defendants actions. Therefore, as Lacey (1993) explained, although the intent