Antisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd ) Essay - 2393 Words

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) To be considered antisocial is to isolate oneself from general social conditions and demonstrate behaviors that deviate from the social societal norm. Antisocial Personality disorder describes an individual that lacks values and habitually violates societal standards in regards to ethics and social behavior. Individuals with this disorder can be described to lack empathy, act impulsively, and have flagrant disregard for other people. It is hard for them to form engage in positive social exchanges or maintain relationships with others. It was only until the early twentieth century that Antisocial Personality disorder was named. Previously, these individuals were categorized as psychopaths due to the thrill-seeking and cunning nature of their actions. Psychopaths have the ability to change their personalities to ultimately get what they desire then revert back to a malicious, egocentric state. When faced with a dangerous adventure, for those with ASPD the choice will always be to peru se the danger. This is due to a constant underlying feeling of restlessness (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011, p. 272). Although these traits can be deemed â€Å"psychopathic† this disorder is not only seen in those who have established themselves as violent criminals, but in those who have established as high-ranking members in society. How can this disorder differentiate itself so starkly within people? Although there are no direct medical test to diagnose this disorder,Show MoreRelatedAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd )1432 Words   |  6 Pages Antisocial Personality Disorder Among the vast things studied in the field of psychology lies psychological disorders. These psychological disorders can simply be defined as psychological functions that can be unhealthy and even harmful to a person (Gerrig, 2005). And because this disorders can cause damage to a person it is important to understand them, both to aid a person in this situation or get the correct help if the victim is oneself. There is a vast number of psychological disorders, howeverRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd )805 Words   |  4 PagesAntisocial personality disorder (ASPD), opposition defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) are three distinct disorders based upon their respective diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5. If ODD and CD were mild forms of ASPD, then there would need to be causal relationship between the childhood manifestations of ODD and CD and the adult manifestation of ASPD. There is evidence of comorbidity between ODD and CD, and also evidence to suggest th at children diagnosed with these disorders may goRead MoreDiagnosis Of Antisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd )1087 Words   |  5 Pages1. DSM-5 Diagnosis a. Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)- DSM-5 301.7 (F60.2) Ruling out Alcohol Use Disorder- DSM-5 305.00 (F10.10) Mild Cannabis Use Disorder-DSM-5 305.20 (F12.10) Mild b. Justification Based on the description of Peter’s symptomatology, the appropriate diagnosis is Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). As indicated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) (2013). As described by Peter, his physical injuries are a broken noseRead MoreThe Effects Of Antisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd ) Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pageshealth disorder called Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). Most of these professionals will agree that much more attention should be given to this matter since it can have fatal outcomes. The public and the media eye alike, might not realize the serious impact that this mental disorder can have on the general public. This literature review will examine what ASPD is, symptoms, possible causes, diagnosis, treatment, and how the public eye views this matter. Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)Read MoreDiagnosis Of Antisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd ) Essay980 Words   |  4 Pages1. DSM-5 Diagnosis a. Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)- DSM-5 301.7 (F60.2) Ruling out Alcohol Use Disorder- DSM-5 305.00 (F10.10) Mild Cannabis Use Disorder-DSM-5 305.20 (F12.10) Mild b. Justification Based on the description of Peter’s symptomatology, the appropriate diagnosis is Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). As indicated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) (2013). As described by Peter, his physical injuries are a broken noseRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd ) Exhibit918 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) exhibit â€Å"a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. Individuals, both with and without ASPD, often find themselves facing stiff consequences when they break the law by violating the rights of others. The propensity of individuals with ASPD to break such laws is one possible explanation for the prevalence of ASPD increasing from a rangeRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder, Slaughter, And Kashani Walker ( Hehehe )1596 Words   |à ‚  7 Pages Antisocial Personality Disorder Latoya Walker (hehehe) Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College Introduction Conduct disorder is the primary identifying risk factor in childhood that may be recognized as an early sign preceding the eventual development of antisocial personality disorder in adulthood (Holmes, Slaughter, Kashani, 2001). Antisocial personality disorder possesses an array of proposed origins which include but are not limited to domestic, genetic, prenatal, and educationalRead MoreThe Common Occurrences Of Comorbidity Between The Disorder1401 Words   |  6 Pagesis an overlap between the personality clusters. The most significant comorbidity occurrences with ASPD include paranoid personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (Out of the Fog, 2015) See figure 4 (Appendix C). Furthermore, additional studies are suggesting that 67% of those diagnosed (DSM-IV) with a personality disorder also met the criteria for at least one other mental disorder. Antisocial personality disorder has often been found to coexistRead MoreEffect s Of Antisocial Personality Disorder On Society1468 Words   |  6 PagesEFFECTS OF ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER The Cause and Effect on Society from being diagnosed with the condition from Adolescence to Adulthood Antisocial Personality Disorder There have been several studies done to demonstrate the condition known as Antisocial Personality Disorder. Around the 19th century it was called, with what the doctors would in the beginning refer to as moral insanity (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 1970). When doctors first came across individualsRead MoreA Good Man By Flannery O Connor946 Words   |  4 PagesFlannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† Is an accurate representation of Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). Through The Misfits recollection of his past, his trauma, and his lack of guilt he depicts a severe case of ASPD. The Misfit’s recollection of his past shows the development of ASPD in childhood. His lack of discipline in childhood and his recollection of when he behaved well are indicators of ASPD. The Misfit stated, â€Å"My daddy said I was a different breed of dog from my brothers

Homeless Essays - 573 Words

Homeless Hi, my name is Alexia. I am homeless and have been for quite a while now. Its hard to understand why, and it takes a lot to explain, but Im pretty sure I have no other plans today, unless you do? If so I wont keep you. You dont have any plans, thats good then. Wellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It all started when I was 14, my friends turned their backs on me, never invited me out with them. I felt like I didnt belong anywhere so I got upset and depressed. First of all I just started smoking, I felt it took the stress away so I continued, I saw no harm. But then I started to become more adventurous, I got into alcohol, every week I would be getting drunk, but then the worst of it came. Whenever I sobered†¦show more content†¦She was always doing the right thing for us. I was feeling really faint and I remember my eyes getting heavy, I could hear shouting, my mums voice I think it was my mums, it wasnt to clear, but I could tell she was upset, I didnt know what about, I just wanted to hold her, tell her it was ok, but I couldnt see her. I couldnt move, I remember this so clearly. It just plays back through my mind all the time, the fear in her voice, I knew that fear well, I just wish I could tell her to push it to the back of her mind and that it would be ok. But I couldnt! I woke up to a beeping sound, constant beeping, where was I? You can probably guess how I feel, I was thinking it was my alarm clock, so I tried to reach for it, but I couldnt touch anything, I opened my eyes, and there was a man in a white coat, Hello Alexia, we have been waiting for you for quite a while now. How are you feeling? Whoo Who are you? Sorry, I forgot, im Dr Leon Uris, I have been treating you for the past couple of days. Do you remember what happened? Yes, is my mum ok Yes, I will just go and update her, she will probably be here soon I looked at my wrist, it was just a scab now, I had a needle in me though, and I think I lost a lot of blood. They kept me inShow MoreRelatedHomeless People : The Homeless1265 Words   |  6 PagesHomeless in Baltimore City is a serious issue that must be resolve. There are different types of homeless people: Chronic, transitional and episodic homeless people. However, there are several or multiples reasons for which people become homeless. It could be due to lack of financial incentives or economic reason, immigrants people (students or foreign), a choice of an individual or poverty, housing needs of the lack of low-income housing and other issues such as unemployment, underemployment, domesticRead MoreHomeless People And The Homeless Essay1970 Words   |  8 PagesHomelessness there were about 600,000 homeless people in America in January of 2015. This paper will hopefully spread insight on homelessness as a whole. There are many misconceptions about homeless people and many facts that people do not realize about homeless people. These facts should be brought to attention in order to help increase the knowledge of what normal everyday individuals can do to help. Every day we are surrounded by someone who is homeless and we don’t even know it. People tendRead MoreHomeless Shelters : Homeless Shelter Essay2067 Words   |  9 Pagesshelters that tend to the homeless. With the San Gabriel Valley services being so distant and clustered, it was difficult to assess the overall feel of the homeless services. That is, it was difficult to find any homeless shelters even with the use of a handheld GPS and map, signifying that access to the homeless services is not as simple as it sounds. On the other hand, it was not at all difficult to find other services that seemed, to be very helpful for the homeless in general. A screenshot ofRead MoreHomeless Child Education : Homeless Children1678 Words   |  7 PagesHomeless Children Education Several factors severely compromise the ability of homeless children to succeed in school, as I discovered in interviews with 277 homeless families in New York City in 1988. Barriers to the success of these children include health problems, hunger, transportation obstacles, and difficulty obtaining school clothes and suppliesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ all of which are linked to low attendance rates (Rafferty and Rollins 1989). Other factors are associated with the nature of the emergency shelterRead MoreHomeless People s View On The Homeless869 Words   |  4 Pages Here in America there is a high percentage of homeless people. People often label homeless people as lazy, not willing to work, or they believe they are just looking for hand out. But that is just other people s views on the homeless. My point of view is that maybe they had a rough start in life, or something happened to them or maybe they didn’t have a mother or father figure in their lives to tell them right from wrong. Other might of grown up in broken homes which might of caused them to beRead MoreThe Homelessness Of The Homeless1745 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussed topics around the world is homelessness. Each and every day more and more people become homeless. People around the world have tried numerous times to resolve this dilemma. This situation is growing and it s starting to spiral out of control. One solution that is getting popular the more we let this situation grow is that criminalizing the homeless is ok. People cannot criminalize the homeless. Homeless people should not be criminalized because they have nowhere to go, they have it hard enoughRead MoreThe Stigma Of The Homeless1556 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the Great Depression, the homeless were almost glamorized as vagabonds who rode the rails with their belongings neatly tied up in a bandana over their shoulder. Today, the homeless can be anyone: children or women escaping an abusive relationship or those who just cannot afford to pay for housing. While some homeless people maintain employment of some sort, long term homelessness is usually a function of the inverse; either severely under-employed or no income stream at all with which toRead MoreHomeless Volunteer1842 Words   |  8 PagesHomeless Volunteer Tera Penrod Purpose: To share my experience of being homeless and how it has affected me. Audience: Readers interested in being enlightened about the homeless at a personal level. â€Å"Better is a poor man whose walk is blameless than a rich man whose ways are perverse.†- PROVERBS 28:6. I learned the truth in this verse while living with relatives in Colorado Springs, Colorado and the time I became homeless. What comes to mind when thinking about homeless people? I rememberRead MoreThe Media Of The Homeless2516 Words   |  11 Pagespeople have become socially and morally numb to the issue. As homelessness worsens, the homeless are being seen less and less as humans and more as a nuisance such as pests and wildlife, or even just a statistic. Being at the bottom of the social class structure is rough, to put it lightly. There is nothing glamorous about living at the streets; in fact, there are very few positive points, if any, to being homeless but that doesn t mean they are that much different from other classes. At the coreRead MoreHomeless And Non Homeless Lesbian, Gay, And Bisexual990 Words   |  4 Pagesexamined two groups, homeless and non-homeless Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) youths (Rosario, Schrimshaw, Hunter, 2012). There were a total of 156 participants between the ages of 14 and 21 years with a mean age of 18.3 years. Participants were recruited from community based organizations, which focused on youths and two college organizations of LGB students. Researchers wanted to explore potential risk factors associated with the reason some LGB youths become homeless, while others do not.

The mistress and harp of burma Free Essays

In Japanese Literature, stories have often depicted what greatly influenced the prevalent period of common life and social sentiment. In the two books written by Japanese authors in two separate periods of Japan’s history, a transition is clearly seen through literature often expressed in superb storytelling. In Ogai Mori’s â€Å"The Wild Geese†, human struggle is greatly influenced by tales of love in the midst of Japan’s industrialization boom. We will write a custom essay sample on The mistress and harp of burma or any similar topic only for you Order Now Writers depict and assimilate the concepts of free-thinking which brought romance and human emotion to the limelight. The familiarity of the reforms established during the period for which Ogai’s novel was actually written apparently brought forward the chance to openly discuss Japan’s so-called evil customs and traditions in a bid to strengthen the imperial rule. Okada, as one of the main characters clearly narrated how he felt that a woman should be only a beautiful object, something loveable, a being who keeps her beauty and loneliness no matter what the situation she is in (Ogai, 20). In the same page, Okada added that this sentiment is brought about under the influence of habitual reading of old Chinese love stories. There is therefore a clear view in principle that establishes a need to disregard culture and ideas that wrongly adapted the old Oriental ways which often restricted free-thinkers to intellectually prosper. In Toyoda’s movie, â€Å"The Mistress†, adapted from Mori Ogai’s The Wild Geese, oriental values was the main discussion with aims to expose the ancient cultural standards that stand in the way of personal freedom. In Otama we see the oppressed and marginalized people driven and deceived without any hope of being uplifted from the moral and restrictive bounds that society places upon them. The simplistic adventure of romance in a plot heightens into limelight the realities of life and the prevailing social views of the middle class which somehow voices out a need for reform in the Meiji Restoration period. Several decades later after Japan was able to stand on its own two feet, Japan experienced a wartime defeat that brought home sad stories of soldiers taken as prisoners of war. Takayama’s â€Å"Harp of Burma† showed pacifism as the main aim of both novel and on film. â€Å"We have to be ready for hardship, for all we know, we may die here in Burma. If that time comes, let us die together†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , (Takeyama, 33). Such poignant words relay veiled patriotism whose desire for peace in an armistice agreement with their British captors aims to relay the evils of war. Written during a period where wartime horrors still stayed afresh in the minds of the Japanese people, there was not an ounce of blame or an aim to proclaim the evils of their captors. Its sincere inward idea was just to dwell on the problems the war brought to everyone involved. In retrospect, The Harp of Burma establishes a deeper humanistic connection to modern day events where peace is the common desire of mankind. The movie through cinematic effect exceeds sensory reflection that somehow created a link to present day situations around the world where wars and battles are fought. Although Ogai’s novel discussed social issues on a road to recovery, the pressing need for peace exceeds in meaning and connection through the Harp of Burma that was successfully portrayed in film. Seeing the ravages of war makes a good reflection how one favors such madness that resulted in tragedy and death. As an anti-war film, it even exceeded the points portrayed in its novel where suffering is presented as a result of too much desire. As a challenge to survival, the movie â€Å"Fires on the Plain† declares a clearly made manifestation of human woes compared to the movie of the same title, â€Å"The Burmese Harp†. Both movies however adapted Takeyama’s novel The Harp of Burma that depicted a deep sense of longing for the fatherland while emphasizing compassion in the midst of survival and atrocities. As a human interest film, â€Å"Fires on the Plain† arouses a relative connection through artistic performance of reality in full color for young viewers to understand how wars wreak and break even the strongest heart. Works Cited Mori, Ogai trans. Ociai, Kingo and Goldstein, Sanford (1959). The Wild Geese. Boston: Tuttle Publishing Takeyama, Michio trans., Howard Hibbett ( 1966). Harp of Burma. Boston: Tuttle Publishing.       How to cite The mistress and harp of burma, Essay examples

Strategic Development Within an Organisation

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Development Within an Organisation. Answer: Introduction In this report discussion related to business strategies and decision making process of business organisation has been undertaken. Woodside Petroleum is the business organisation has been used in this report to implement different aspects. Brief introduction of Woodside Petroleum has been discussed and different business strategies undertaken by Woodside Petroleum have been discussed. Woodside Petroleum also involves in some controversies and among them two has been analysed in this report. Internal and external environmental analysis has been done so that different aspects and factors affecting Woodside Petroleum can be analysed. PEST analysis and SWOT analysis has been used to analyse environment. Organisation culture and leadership style of Woodside Petroleum has been discussed and analysed in this report. Business Strategies and their Aapplication Background of Woodside Petroleum Woodside Petroleum is one of the leading business organisation engaged in the business operations of oil and gas. Oil extraction is one of the core business operation or product portfolios of Woodside Petroleum. Woodside Petroleum is engaged in different business operations like exploring, developing, producing and marketing trading. Mission- Mission of Woodside Petroleum is to maximise value of core assets used in the business operations. Mission is to grow product portfolio that Woodside Petroleum has for their business operations. Last mission is to leverage capabilities as a leading business organisation. Vision- Vision of Woodside Petroleum is to be leader or global leader in terms of upstream oil and gas products and extraction. Competitive advantage- Competitive advantage of Woodside Petroleum is the functional capabilities and use of advance technology operational efficiency. Decision making capabilities in terms of operational and setting priority in developing values is competitive advantage over others. Business strategies Current strategy of Woodside Petroleum is to be positioned them in the section in order to have reliable core asset base, strong relationship with stakeholders and create capabilities or competitive advantage over others. Core business strategy is to conduct value chain analysis in the business operations and manage value chain (Aras and Ebooks Corporation 2012). Business strategy of Woodside Petroleum is to grow and explore more in the exploration business operation. Current strategy of Woodside Petroleum is sustainability business strategy. Under this strategy, pollution prevention, sustainable development and utilisation of resources in most optimised manner is the major outcome (Rogers and Makonnen, 2014). Two Controversies and Outline the Outcomes Controversy 1 Woodside Petroleum has been started a project in liquefied natural gas and which involves investment of $ 45 billion. This investment is made under off shore exploration of oil and gas in Western Australia. After passage of some time, positive headlines related to new project of Woodside Petroleum has created interested in terms of investment in the project. After two years many companies has invested $ 140 billion in new project of Woodside Petroleum. This has increased production of gas and Australia has becoming attractive in terms of exporting gas (Ralph et al., 2014). After some time, investors interest was shifted towards some other projects and they deploy their investments from project initiated by Woodside Petroleum. This causes some loss while operating project and after some time Woodside Petroleum had withdrawal from their project. This is most shocking decision of Woodside Petroleum as this project is started with the intention of developing Australian market and put positive impact on economy. This decision has impacted many business organisations operating their business in Australia and many on shore projects have been hampered. In this whole business decisions many stakeholders associated with the project has faced downtime in terms of stock prices and business operations. Controversy 2 Woodside Petroleum leaves from Mauritania project has also comes under controversy on the basis of ethical decision making by the management of Woodside Petroleum. In this controversy, management of Woodside Petroleum has taken decision of selling assets of oil extraction that project of oil extraction in Mauritania is using. Sale agreement is made between project and Petroliam National Berhad and Woodside Petroleum. Petroliam National Berhad is the government owned business organisation by Malaysian government. Mauritania project has reported highest level of sales revenues (including Woodside Petroleums production, exploration and development). This project is named as Chinguetti project. But soon this project has not lived up to expatiation of Woodside Petroleum standards in terms of oil extraction and production. Production level of Mauritania project has been set to be 75000 barrels per day but they are able to produce 15000 barrels per day. Woodside Petroleum has withdrawn from the project and government of Africa has faced high losses. In this transaction, Woodside Petroleum has taken unethical decision as they are involved with Malaysian government and withdrawn from the African contract, as left open and in loss. Environmental Analysis (External and Internal Analysis) PESTLE Analysis Political environment- Each and every company at the market place get affected by political environment in the way of government policies and rules. In the same way, Australian oil industry involves labours to work, wages top pay and taxation policies to be followed. Political pressure will always impact workplace and work practices of Woodside Petroleum in Australian market place. Government intervention and policies made by government impacts decisions taken by management of market place in Australia. Economic environment- Economic condition of the country or market place will impact business entity sand their decision making process. In case of Woodside Petroleum, their long term decisions will be impact with economic factors or state of economy in Australian market. Economic factor like demand and supply of oil in the country will decide price of products and price of oil will also depends on currency market. Inflation rate and balance of payment in Australia has impacted Woodside Petroleum in its decision making. Social environment- Demographic, income distribution, migration, culture and religion are some aspects that impacts decision making process of Woodside Petroleum. Culture is the most important consideration that business entity has to take care of and in case of Australian oil market; society does not consider oil extraction a negative activity. There are some section of society which consider oil extraction by Woodside Petroleum or by other companies to be source of pollution and impact environment in negative manner. Technological environment- In oil extraction industry, heavy equipments is used in order to undertake business operations. Pipelines, extraction equipments, oil tanks and transportation methods are some areas where Woodside Petroleum has impacted. Another area of technological use by the Woodside Petroleum or in oil extraction industry is in providing safety to workers, enhance efficiency, etc. These areas are to be managed by management of Woodside Petroleum and technology has impact business operations (Sun et al., 2014). SWOT Analysis Strength Main focus of management is on technological development and developing innovation in the business operations. Has highest area of oil extraction in Australia. Woodside Petroleum has competitive advantage in terms of market coverage and leading business organisation. Experienced management, capable managers in the business operations, quality oil extraction assets are some strength of Woodside Petroleum (Alexandru, 2015). Weakness Woodside Petroleum is involved in biggest Australian oil extraction scandal in past years. This scandal is related to jamming price points in terms of oil industry. Woodside Petroleum has been facing many legal issues in their business management. One of the most important legal issues is the litigation of illegal land acquisition (Helms, 2013). Opportunities Management is considering to expand their LNG capabilities in their business operations has the biggest opportunity. Woodside Petroleum has undertaken various projects that will build LNG market for Woodside Petroleum and they can become market leader. There is opportunity for Woodside Petroleum in term of supply of gas i.e. they can supply on shore and off shore (Yuan, 2013). Threats There are various common threats that are involve or attached with oil or nature extraction companies like natural disasters, accidents at large level, etc. Operating risk involve in business operations of oil extraction industry. Oorganizational Culture or Leadership Style within the Organisation Organisational Culture Leadership styles, decisions and management of business operations in terms of influencing employees or team members to accomplish or achieve management objectives. These activities became organisational culture under which employees are directed and controlled (Leadership styles, 2016). Core value of Woodside Petroleum has been towards creating maximum value of assets, maintaining leverage and development of product portfolio. Organisational culture is the process of influencing people of organisation, value and beliefs are shares in this process and behaviour of employees are directed and controlled towards achievement of objectives and goals of Woodside Petroleum. In case of Woodside Petroleum, Peter J Coleman is the chief executive office and managing director. Role of Peter J Coleman is to build strong and positive organisational cultural that influence achievement of organisational objectives. Leadership Style Autocratic- In this leadership style, managers will take decisions alone i.e. without considering view points of subordinates or employees. In this leadership style no authority will be delegated to employees so that they can take decisions by their own (Turner, 2016). In this type of leadership style, leader needs to posses qualities like strong decision maker, emphatic, etc. Once decided by leader or manager then everyone has to follow the decision (Burgess and Vachon, 2016). This type of leadership has been adopted by Woodside Petroleum at their middle level of management. In this case, decisions taken by managers of different departments have to be followed by employees of respective divisions. Democratic- Under this type of leadership style, leaders will take input or suggestions from his / her team members or from employees. In this leadership type, leaders can consider suggestions but at last leaders or managers are required to take decisions for the whole division or team (Saeed et al., 2014). Ultimate responsibility of decision will lie in the hands of leaders only and no other team member can be liable for the same. Democratic leadership is usually find in small organisations were there are small members (Cook and Rouse, 2014). Transactional- In this type of leadership style, managers or leaders of divisions receive some tasks or work from management. Then managers or leaders are required to set predetermined goals or targets in consultation of employees or team members. Directions provided by managers are required to be followed by employees and in doing so performance will be measured for rewards and punishments (OConnell, 2016). There are some bonuses like incentives, bonus pay, etc and punishment likes deduction of salary, increase targets, etc. Woodside Petroleum has been using transactional leadership style in their business operations. Following are Sme Results of Leadership on Strategy and Culture of Woodside Petroleum Motivate employees- Leader or manager has to achieve their organisational objectives and goals and for the same they are required to develop business strategy or plan. In this case Woodside Petroleum has to motivate their employees so that they can be directed and influenced towards achievement of organisational goal. Peter J Coleman has formulated and initiated many reward policies and remuneration policies that motivate managers and employees to perform better (Gillam and Siriwardena, 2013). This has resulted in achievement of organisational goals and objectives in more effective manner. Initiate innovation- It is the responsibility and duty of leader to set agenda or to set objectives of targets. Effective leaders or leadership, influence team members or employees to build positive organisational culture (R?ducan and R?ducan, 2014). In case of Woodside Petroleum, leader or CEO Peter J Coleman has initiated new process of business management. Leaders are required to initiate innovation in the business operations so as to achieve competitive advantage over its competitors. Another important result that Woodside Petroleum has achieved is effective communication process in the business operations (Kim and Thompson, 2012). Conclusion It can be concluded that business strategy is the most important aspect of the business organisation that shall be analysed and implemented. Corporate strategies include different aspects of business organisation. Woodside Petroleum has been involved in many controversies and two of them have been discussed in this report. PEST analysis is the best analysis tool in order to analyse external environment. SWOT analysis has used to analyse internal factors that impacts business operations. Organisational culture is the value and believes that impact business organisation in terms of directing employees in achieving organisational objectives. References "Leadership styles", 2016,Nursing Older People,vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 43-43. Alexandru, B. 2015, "SWOT ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN BUCHAREST",Management Research and Practice,vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 14. Aras, G., eBook Library (EBL) Ebooks Corporation 2012,Business strategy and sustainability,1st edn, Emerald, Bingley, UK. Burgess, Z. Vachon, P. 2016, "Leaders to follow; Experts say growing a leadership team takes dedication, time",Crain's Detroit Business,vol. 32, no. 35, pp. 13. Cook, J. Rouse, L. 2014,Leadership and management in the early years: a practical guide to building confident leadership skills,Teaching Solutions, Albert Park, [Victoria]; Albert Park, Australia;. Gillam, S. Siriwardena, A.N. 2013, "Leadership and management for quality",Quality in primary care,vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 253. Helms, M. 2013,SWOT Analysis Framework. Kim, T.H. Thompson, J.M. 2012, "Organizational and market factors associated with leadership development programs in hospitals: a national study",Journal of healthcare management / American College of Healthcare Executives,vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 113. OConnell, D. 2016, "Leadership styles and improved governance outcomes",Governance Directions,vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 202-206. R?ducan, R. R?ducan, R. 2014, "Leadership and Management",Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,vol. 149, pp. 808-812. Ralph, N., Birks, M., Chapman, Y. Francis, K. 2014, "Future-Proofing Nursing Education",SAGE Open,vol. 4, no. 4. Rogers, S. Makonnen, R. 2014,Entrepreneurial finance: finance and business strategies for the serious entrepreneur,Third;3rd; edn, McGraw-Hill Education, New York. Saeed, T., Almas, S., Anis-ul-Haq, M. Niazi, G. 2014, "Leadership styles: relationship with conflict management styles",International Journal of Conflict Management,vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 214-225. Sun, Y., Guo, P., Ma, Z., Li, T. Dang, S. 2014, "UK-based external business environment analysis of outdoor adventure clothing using the PESTEL tool and its future outlook", IEEE, , pp. 306. Turner, R., 2016;,Design Leadership : Securing the Strategic Value of Design,Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Yuan, H. 2013, "A SWOT analysis of successful construction waste management",Journal of Cleaner Production,vol. 39, pp. 1-8.

Vacation! Essays - Air Illinois Flight 710,

Vacation?! Vacation ?! This year, almost like every year, I decided to spend my summer vacation with my family far away from any tourist attractions at a place in the middle of nowhere. Wednesday morning we were hurring in the usual manner, half an hour too late, to the airport, because my wife and my 16-year-old daughter spent half a day in the bathroom. What, in the world, are they doing there? Why does it take them so long? Why, above all, is that it takes them so long today even though they know we are late? I will never understand this. But enough of women's weird bathroom behavior now, this is not our theme today. No, our them today is travelling. So now picture me driving like a maniac during rush hour to get to the airport half across the city with two teenagers on the backseat killing each other on time. I try to be patient and not to burst into tears or killing someone. I have been through this for several years now. But especially today where half of the nation is on the street, millions of white haired Sunday drivers are plugging the streets. Not getting made at those drivers is not one of my advanced social skills? Only 60 seconds left until the departure of our plane we reached the airport and as usual they changed the departure gate. If that would be something new for me, they always change the departure gate, especially when you are late. So I went to the information, knowing before hand what the answer will be and not expecting anything different. ?Gate two.? I don't know why, but that is what they always tell you. ?Where the Gate for the flight number 243648 you ask. ?Gate two.? ?Where is the Concorde gate ?Gate two.? ?Where can I find the Gate for the flight to Australia ?Gate two.? ?Where is Gate seven ?Gate two.? Well, after standing in a painful slowly moving line, I got my information: ?Gate two.? Ten minutes later, we found our departure gate, it was gate no. seven. Finally after all we made our plane. There is the thing with the flight attendance. They come in two types, all disagreeable. First, there the flight attendance who are never there and you actually do not even know that they exist. You keep asking them for stuff and they tell you: ?Just one moment, please!?, but you never get it. Secondly, there are the ones who are the most nicest, friendliest and sweetiest person in the world and all they want is to comfort you, but do not want any comfort or help. My least favorite ones is the one you can not get rid of. They always come up to you and say: ?Sir, can I help you somehow You tell her: ? No, thank you. I'm fine? ?Ok,?she replies and a couple minutes later she comes back. ?Do you want coffee or tee ? No, thank you. I'm fine? ?Orange or apple juice? Maybe, some nuts ?No, thank you! I don't want anything.? ?We also have chocolate covered brezels ?No, thank you! I don't want anything.? ?Would you like to try them ?I really don't want to try them.? ?I'm sure you will like them. They are very delicious!? ?Please understand, I'm allergic to nuts and brezels. So I don't really want them!!!? She gives you a charming smile and thirty seconds later she is back telling you: ?We also have fruit snacks.? ?Listen, I don't want anything to eat. I just want to realax and enjoy the flight. I had a really tough da. So, please leave me alone!? ?How do you fell about duty free shopping, she replies. Do you see what I mean? They drive you insane before you already know it. Being on vacation is such a tough time, but it all comes to a point where I decide to send my family through all this alone next year and I saty home. After a three hour delayed flight we reached our final destination. The moment I saw the hotel, I left my family there, turned around, took the next flight home and locked the door. English Essays

African American History and Women Timeline 1960-1969

African American History and Women Timeline 1960-1969 [Previous] [Next] 1960 Ruby Bridges integrated an all-white elementary school in New Orleans, Louisiana Ella Baker among others organized SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) at Shaw University Wilma Rudolph became the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals, and was named Athlete of the Year by the United Press 1961 CORE Freedom Rides began, with the aim of desegregating public buses many brave women and men participated (March 6) Executive Order by John F. Kennedy promoted affirmative action to abolish racial biases in hiring on projects where federal funds were involved 1962 Meredith v. Fair case argued by Constance Baker Motley. The decision allowed James Meredith to be admitted to the University of Mississippi. 1963 (September 15) Denise McNair, Carole Robertson, Addie Mae Collins, and Cynthia Weston, ages 11-14, killed in the bombing of 16th Street Church in Birmingham, Alabama Dinah Washington (Ruth Lee Jones) died (singer) 1964 (April 6) Mrs. Frankie Muse Freeman becomes the first woman on the new U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (July 2) US Civil Rights Act of 1964 became law Fannie Lou Hamer testified for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party before the Credentials Committee of the Democratic National Convention 1965 Viola Liuzzo murdered by Ku Klux Klan members after participating in civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama affirmative action was required to eliminate racial bias in hiring on federally-funded projects, as defined by Executive Order 11246 Patricia Harris became the first African American woman ambassador (Luxemburg) Mary Burnett Talbert died (activist: anti-lynching, civil rights) Dorothy Dandridge died (actress, singer, dancer) Lorraine Hansberry died (playwright, wrote Raisin in the Sun) 1966 (August 14) Halle Berry born (actress) (August 30) Constance Baker Motley appointed a federal judge, the first African American woman to hold that office 1967 (June 12) in Loving v. Virginia, Supreme Court ruled that laws prohibiting interracial marriage were unconstitutional, voiding statutes still on the books in 16 states (October 13) 1965 Executive Order 11246, requiring affirmative action to eliminate racial bias in hiring on federally-funded projects, was amended to include gender-based discrimination Aretha Franklin, Queen of Soul, recorded her signature song, Respect 1968 Shirley Chisholm was the first African American woman elected to the US House of Representatives   Audre Lorde  published her first book of poems,  The First Cities. 1969 (October 29) Supreme Court ordered immediate desegregation of school districts [Previous] [Next] [1492-1699] [1700-1799] [1800-1859] [1860-1869] [1870-1899] [1900-1919] [1920-1929] [1930-1939] [1940-1949] [1950-1959] [1960-1969] [1970-1979] [1980-1989] [1990-1999] [2000-]

Functions of Water Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Functions of Water - Assignment Example Water can be got from any drink but more so from milk and water itself. Vegetables are the other types of food that contain a lot of water and hence encouraged to be eaten regularly. Fruits also fall into that category of containing a lot of food. These include fruits such as watermelons and apples which are juicy. This, therefore, means that people should be aware of the type of food they eat in order to ensure they have a lot of water in their body to sustain them even if they cannot drink a lot of water. People are encouraged to take in a lot of fruits and vegetables (Houston and Robin 24). There is no specific amount of water an individual should take. The amount of water needed as it depends on the age of the individual and the amount of water the individual’s body can take. The intake will also depend on the activities one in the undertaking, the weather among other things. The recommended amount is around eight glasses of water daily but this is not a fixed number. People know their ability to take in water and as long as they ensure they drink a reasonable amount of water that can sustain their body as well as eating foods containing water, they are good. The lack of enough water in the body leads to a condition known as dehydration which is also known as water deficiency. This happens when the rate of water intake is minimal compared to the amount being lost and especially during physical exercises or in warm weather. The symptoms include dry mouth, poor skin, breathing shallows, eyes sunken, weakness, exhaustion and even going into a coma for really severe cases. Kidneys and other body organs can also begin shutting down due to the lack of water in the cells and blood. One fact is that if one drinks too much water and too quickly for that matter it can lead to water intoxication where the water will dilute the sodium in the blood causing an imbalance in the brain.  

Elgin's Marbles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Elgin's Marbles - Essay Example Lord Elgin had risen through the ranks and asked for the post as Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire in Constantinople. He met and married a Scottish heiress, Mary Nisbet of Earlton. Lord Elgin felt that he knew the best place to achieve architectural significance and wanted to bring some of the passion and style back to the British artists and architects, in order to uplift and inspire them. Lady Elgin and her wealth allowed him to achieve his desire. Greek architecture at that time was considered the ultimate experience and being of great significance and Lord Elgin ensured he was part of the society. He employed artists and architects to paint, sketch and make molds of what he considered to be the best artwork in Athens, Greece. He believed that the artistic work held the highest significance and expression of civilization and that this cultural experience would encourage the British artists of the day. Lord Elgin purchased sections of the marble frieze from the Ottoman Empire for a price of  £75,000. He then had the difficult task of getting a ship to transport them to England. This was during the Napoleonic wars and their friend Nelson was reluctant to provide a vessel for the shipment. Mary used her guile and persuasion to eventually gain a passage for the artifacts (Nagel, from front matter). Lord Elgin considered his purchases to be a great achievement for the British Empire. A Government Select Committee agreed to purchase the marbles from Lord Elgin for  £36,000 in 1816, a massive financial loss for Lord Elgin.... He then had the difficult task of getting a ship to transport them to England. This was during the Napoleonic wars and their friend Nelson was reluctant to provide a vessel for the shipment. Mary used her guile and persuasion to eventually gain a passage for the artefacts (Nagel, from front matter). Lord Elgin considered his purchases to be a great achievement for the British Empire. A Government Select Committee agreed to purchase the marbles from Lord Elgin for 36,000 in 1816, a massive financial loss for Lord Elgin (British Museum, newsroom, 1). They were then placed and still remain in the British Museum and given the collectors name of Elgin's Marbles (British Museum, Collection 2). Picture 4.0 A Section of the Elgin Marbles The British Museum initially placed the artefacts in a prefabricated gallery which had been designed by Robert Smirke (British Museum, Collection 2). Then they were transferred to another section aptly named the 'Elgin Room' in 1832 (British Museum, Collection 2) until Lord Duveen donated money to the museum to construct a purpose built gallery for the marbles. (British Museum, Collection 2). Picture 5.0 A Section of the Elgin Marbles Preparations were carried out to clean the sculptures ready for display in their new Duveen rooms. Wire wool was used to clean off the surfaces of all of the marbles in 1939. This cleaning method also included the use of copper chisels and carborundum (British museum collection, 3). It was believed that the original color of the marble was pure white and the intensions were genuinely administered in order to return the pieces back to their original state. This cleaning method removed the entire

The definition of intention in the case of Woolin lacks clarity. A Essay

The definition of intention in the case of Woolin lacks clarity. A legislative definition is necessary so as to ensure that ther - Essay Example In other words, the end result was not the intended outcome by the actor. Kugler further explained that much debate has been on the issue whether a case might be judged and the accused sentenced using the distinction between intention and recklessness. On the other hand, the intention of the actor has to be established as clearly as possible in passing out murder judgments to the defendant to avoid the temptation of involving judicial moralism in the cases. The problem in this case is extended by the introduction of morality in criminal jurisdictions. The use of a moral formula in defining the offence as kugler (2002) explained has been the cause of much acrimony in courts today. The use of the double effect doctrine inter alia, requires that, oblique intention should not be the same in all cases involving a crime of intention as well as using a moral formula in defining some offences in criminal cases. Ross (1996) in his explanation of morality, justice and judicial morality explain ed that the issue of introducing morality in corridors of justice has raised much concern and debates in courts. ... In the case of Woollin throwing the child in the room, which led to the child’s death, there lacks a clear defined intent in the action, which would make it possible for the juror to possibly infer on the laws of morality in sentencing the accused. It would therefore be more prudent to have clearly defined laws which would define the aspect of intent to avoid judicial morality in arguing out cases in the courts, which as Willson (2000) explained has been the dilemma in many criminal cases. The case of Regina v Woolin (1Cr. App. R. 8, 1999) involved a heated debate about the intent and the actual action of the accused that led to the death of a child, after Woolin threw the child in the room causing the child to suffer a fractured skull that led to his death. The accused on his defense argued that, the intention was to cause just slight harm to the child and was not to cause the death of the child through the serious harm suffered. From the case, it might be certain that Wollin had prior knowledge of his actions and was aware well in adverse that the action would result into serious harm to the child as could be defined by mens rea. The dilemma of intention was further brought out through the Nedrick case (83, Cr. App. R. 267, 1986) by Lord Lane, C.J. In the ruling the judge ruled that in a case where, the accused has been charged with murder and the jury have to decide whether the accused intended to kill or to inflict serious bodily harm, the jury cannot therefore infer the intention to the accused unless where the serious bodily harm might be of virtual certainty due to the defendants actions. Therefore, as Lacey (1993) explained, although the intent

Developing a Database Management System Presentation

Developing a Database Management System Presentation I am Estelle Lemmer and would like to provide you with a business presentation outlining the process Klingon Systems has followed in developing a Database Management System for The Borg Collective. This presentation will explain what a Database Management System is, what a Relational Database is and why this is the best option for The Borg Collective. While explaining what queries, forms and reports are, it would be explained how these were applied and developed in creating the Database Management System as well as pointing out the benefits using these will hold for The Borg Collective. A Database management system (DBMS) is a computer program specifically developed to store and manage data. The database can be queried to provide specific data required and can produce forms and reports relational to that data (Baltzan, Lynch Fisher 2016). Specifically for the Borg Collective, we have developed a database management system to store all your information on customers, stock items, suppliers and orders. You would be able to run specific queries on your data to view only the needed information. You would also be able to produce invoices for each customer. When creating a relational database, information from different tables can be connected to each other. In a relational database you can have one record from one table connected to many records in another table. As seen on the slide, each of The Borg Collectives information tables has been linked by using primary keys (yellow key symbol) identified in each table (Beskeen et al. 2014). There are several reason for using a Database Management System: Easy update of information: It has been decided that a Database Management System is the appropriate tool for this project and I will outline the reasons why: In looking at the data of The Borg Collective it is obvious that it is too complex to only get handled in a spreadsheet. The Borg Collective has data for Customers, Suppliers, Items and Orders. A Spreadsheet is adequate for one of these lists of information as an isolated list, however The Borg Collective has several lists, with some of the data repeating and relationships between data in different columns between different lists. Having to make changes to data in different lists leaves room for error. When you use a database management system, data can be stored in one place, while being referenced in many different places as would be described later when discussing the different queries, forms and reports we have created for your business. Using a Database Management System, if a customers details changes it only needs to be done once and would automatically update in for instance, the customers invoice, which references it (Manning 2015). Flexibility: Different users can access data in whichever way suits them. Be it a report or a form etc. Information can be queried from the database and looked at using any number of logical views or if they so prefer the physical view can be used right where the data is stored. Scalability: The Borg Collective is only going to grow and a Database would be the only system able to adequately manage a large volume of information. Redundancy: By using a Database Management System, information only needs to be recorded in one place, reducing information redundancy and increasing information reliability. Information integrity: By using combo boxes, the DBMS has been developed to restrict the types and format of data that could be entered and therefor contributing to the integrity of the data (Baltzan, Lynch Fisher 2016). There are several reasons for using a Relational Database: Minimize Duplicate Data: Having to make changes to data in different lists leaves room for error. Using a relational database, data can be updated once across multiple tables. Because we have set this up as a relational database, when for example one supplier ceases trading and gets deleted from one table, corresponding deletions will be prompted and occur in other tables, avoiding data inconsistencies. You wouldve probably found that lots of time is spent entering the same data into different spreadsheets. Using a relational database would considerably cut down on the amount of data entry and therefor also reduce room for error (Manning 2015). Faster data entry: Setting up a relational database we were able to provide you with forms which makes data entry faster and easier than using a spreadsheet Options for viewing and sorting: Using a relational database, you can view the data by querying it out into forms or reports, which can be saved to use over and over. Security: If you should choose to, this database can be encrypted and password protected. Several users: As your business grows, you might want to be able to have more than one user working in the database. This would be possible using the Relational Database Klingon has set-up for The Borg Collective (Beskeen et al. 2014). A database query is a way to get particular information out into a logical view. This way you would not need to scroll through long lists of data in different columns and different tables. The query gets only the required information out and displays it for your convenience in a new table (Beskeen et al. 2014). Five queries have been created for The Borg Collective. These queries can be run to display the information required as follows. The query labelled Vinyl figures will display the Customers names and item details of only items ordered in the month of April, weighing less than 1 Kg and which is still unfulfilled. The query would also show the order quantity. This query has been set-up so that you can see how many Star Trek Vinyl Figures orders were ordered for Mothers Day but were unfulfilled due to the items being out of stock. The query labelled Broad Category could be used to see how many customers living in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia, have purchased items belonging to a broad category from a specific Supplier. When running this query, a Supplier name will need to be entered, after which the following information would be displayed in a table: The Customers names, addresses, Item type, item description, dispatch Date and order quantity for all items belonging to a broad category and only for Customers living in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. The query labelled Cost Increase has been created to update the cost Price from Luxembourgh of all items that are currently on order and not in stock by 5.50% as a new Australian import duty has been added for all products being imported from theÂÂ   European Union The query labelled Late Dispatched have been created to be used when requiring a form to see the Queensland customers who have ordered items before the 1st of June, which is in stock, but was dispatched after 10 June. The query could also show information for customers from New South Wales whose orders are in stock and have been dispatched after 20 June but was ordered before the 10th of June. The query labelled Invoice Calculated can be used to see the details of customers living in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria, whos ordered a product associated with The Big Bang Theory in May. As this query would be used to produce invoices, it has also been created to calculate the selling price and order totals. Vinyl figures will display the Customers names and item details of only iKlingon has created two forms which you could use. A database form can be filled out on-screen and is an easy way to enter and edit data and navigate between records (Beskeen et al. 2014). The Late Orders Form will display order details stored in the Database Management System. It would also display the customers age in whole years and show a calculated dispatch delay in whole days. The Supplier Items Form will allow you to view the supplier records individually. It also has a sub-form for viewing item details of items sold by that Supplier. A report is the best way to print data from your database. It provides many formatting, layout and summary options. It is possible to apply different fonts and colours and add images (Beskeen et al. 2014). Klingon has used this option to create your invoices, which displays The Borg Collectives logo as well as payment details, current date, order details and order total. This presentation has outlined the process which was taken to develop a Database Management System for the Borg Collective. Detailed explanations have been given on what a Database Management System is, what a Relational Database is and specifically why this was the best option for The Borg Collective. Queries, Forms and Reports have been defined as well as described why they were developed for The Borg Collective and what their purposes and benefits will be in the business. It is the sincere hope of myself, representing Klingon Systems, that the Database created would be of great benefit to The Borg Collective and that it would streamline processes, while aiding your business processes to run more efficiently. tems ordered in the month of April, weighing less than 1 Kg and which is still unfulfilled. The query would also show the order quantity. This query has been set-up so that you can see how many Star Trek Vinyl Figures orders were ordered for Mothers Day but were unfulfilled due to the items being out of stock. The query labelled Broad Category could be used to see how many customers living in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia, have purchased items belonging to a broad category from a specific Supplier. When running this query, a Supplier name will need to be entered, after which the following information would be displayed in a table: The Customers names, addresses, Item type, item description, dispatch Date and order quantity for all items belonging to a broad category and only for Customers living in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. The query labelled Cost Increase has been created to update the cost Price from Luxembourgh of all items that are currently on order and not in stock by 5.50% as a new Australian import duty has been added for all products being imported from theÂÂ   European Union The query labelled Late Dispatched have been created to be used when requiring a form to see the Queensland customers who have ordered items before the 1st of June, which is in stock, but was dispatched after 10 June. The query could also show information for customers from New South Wales whose orders are in stock and have been dispatched after 20 June but was ordered before the 10th of June. The query labelled Invoice Calculated can be used to see the details of customers living in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria, whos ordered a product associated with The Big Bang Theory in May. As this query would be used to produce invoices, it has also been created to calculate the selling price and order totals.

Portrayal of King Lear in First Four Scenes of King Lear by Shakespeare :: essays research papers

King Lear, by Shakespeare is a play written in the Elizabethan times. The tragedy of King Lear and his daughters was a familiar tale in England at the time. In the first scene of act 1 we do not meet Lear from the very start of the play. King Lear enters after a conversation between Kent, Gloucester and his son Edmund. We immediately get the notion that Lear is attention loving and that he loves flattery. As the scene develops we also discover that he knows almost nothing about his daughters, as he couldn?t recognize their falseness. As long as his eldest daughters flattered him, he was happy. He doesn?t even recognize honesty, as he scolds Cordelia for being true when she told him ?I love your majesty according to my bond, no more nor less?. Lear shows poor judgment when he banishes his favorite daughter and leaves her without a dowry. His two other daughters, Goneril and Regan knew of their father?s weak point, and they worked it to their own advantage. This way, Lear was satisfied at hearing what he wanted and at being flattered by his own daughters. But he also puts upon his daughters the responsibility for his happiness, and thus h e will blame them when he?s unhappy. We see this in Scene 3 when Goneril is unhappy with her father. She shows her true self in this scene, not the loving daughter which she shows to be in Scene 1, but almost a villain, who goes against the hierarchy of nature. Daughters are supposed to respect and love their fathers, which is exactly the opposite o what Goneril is doing. She treats her father, who deserves more respect as he is also king, badly, and also advises her servant Oswald to do so. Lear still views himself as a king, while his daughter calls him an ?Idle old man?. In Scene 4, Lear has enough of Goneril. As all kings do, he is used to making rules, not following them, so he expects to be obeyed. Lear feels helpless, he has no power left and he must rely fully on his two daughters. When Goneril takes away half of Lear?s knights, she also took away his dignity, and reduces him to tears, where he succumbs to despair.

Love and Entire Emotional Spectrum Essay

The main subject of â€Å"Editha† is war. Editha blindly and ignorantly believes in the heroic romanticism of war and is totally oblivious to the real consequences of battle, and Howells shows his dislike in his portrayal of Editha though the plots. From the earliest of moments in the story, Editha is shown as one who has embraced the jingoistic claims of nationalism in a time of war. Editha sees war as a romantic pursuit, one in which there is no complexity. For Editha, when the nation has committed to war, there is no question of its authenticity and little room for doubt in terms of individuals paying heed to its call: â€Å"But don’t you see, dearest,† she said, â€Å"that it wouldn’t have come to this, if it hadn’t been in the order of Providence? And I call any war glorious that is for the liberation of people who have been struggling for years against the cruelest oppression. Don’t you think so too?† Editha views war in terms of providential design, â€Å"glorious† in its notion of â€Å"liberation,† and an exercise in which there can be no ambiguity. For Editha, war is an exercise of Romantic valor, something expressed to George in a letter to him in which her love of the â€Å"adventure† in war is almost secondary to the affection of a beloved: â€Å"I shall always love you, and therefore I shall never marry anyone else. But the man I marry must love his country first of all, and be able to say to me, â€Å"‘I could not love thee, dear, so much, Loved I not honor more.’ â€Å"There is no honor above America with me. In this great hour there is no other honor.† â€Å"Honor† is something that Editha defines externally. George defines himself in a very different manner. For George, â€Å"honor† is internal, adhering to a conception from within. In response to Editha’s zeal about war, George responds, â€Å"†But war! Is it glorious to break the peace of the world?† For George, the action of war is not honorable. George sees the world possessing doubt, something that he feels is present when he â€Å"differs† from Editha. In contrast to Editha’s certainty, George sees doubt and confusion. It is because of this that he is swayed to join the war effort, joining something in which he has doubt and uncertainty. It is in this point and counterpoint in which Editha and George operate. They function in relation to one another because they represent the entire emotional spectrum about love, war, and commitment.

Indian girl Essay

He was a good husband. No one could deny it. He let her have her own way, indulged her, even. When the kitchen was remodelled, for example, and she wanted pink and grey tiles even though he preferred white. White. A clean colour. A colour he believed to be innocent, just like his wife.  He was traditional as an Indian man could get. He had expectations from his wife. Demands that had to be fulfilled.  She would dress as he would tell her too, sleep with him when he wanted her to.  Not only that, she would provide him with a son and a daughter. The duty of every Indian wife was to give their husband a child, regardless of whether they wanted to or not. He would be the provider in this relationship. She would cook and clean at home while he worked.  It was tradition after all and he was very traditional.  However, when he did put his foot down he would often soften his no’s with kind remarks. There had been two occasions that he strongly remembered in which he had to be firm. Like when she wanted to get a job and go back to school or buy English clothes.  Nobody in his family had ever worn English clothes, except for the men that is.  His mother, his mother’s mother and sisters had always dressed in Indian clothes†¦no matter what the occasion. He preferred Indian clothes on his wife too. After all they hid her body. The loose blouses didn’t reveal her breasts like some English tops or show an unnecessary amount of cleavage. The endless mounds of fabric concealed his wife’s legs and waistline.  He believed his wife’s body was just for him to look at. Why tempt other men to look at his wife’s curvaceous hips or low cut neckline?  The soft remarks that often accommodated his no’s were mostly, â€Å"What for? I’m here to take care of you† or â€Å"You look so much prettier in your Indian clothes, so much more feminine.† He would pull her to his lap and give her a kiss and cuddle, which usually ended with him taking her to the bedroom. That was another area where he had to be firm. Sex. His wife was constantly pleading with him, â€Å"Please, not tonight.† He didn’t mind that. She was, after all, a well-bred Indian girl.  She had good Indian values that he felt all Indian women should have. Her dreams in life were those of his mother’s. She wanted to marry, have children and live a contented life in a glorious home. She was conservative and an introvert. Not a woman who would cause him embarrassment in front of friends and family. Timid†¦someone who needed support and he believed that he was indeed the support she needed. But her reluctance went beyond womanly modesty.  After dinner for instance, she would start on the most convoluted household projects, soaping down the floors, changing the liners in the cabinets. The night before she had disappeared she’d started cleaning the windows, taking out the Window cleaner and rags as soon as she’d put the boy to bed, even though he had mumbled, â€Å"Let’s go.†Ã‚  Surely he couldn’t be blamed for raising his voice at those times (though never so much to wake his son) or for grabbing her by the elbow and pulling her to the bed, like he did the night before she disappeared. He was always careful not to hurt her, he prided himself on that. Not even a little slap. And he always told himself he’d stop if she really begged him, if she cried, After some time, though, she would quit struggling and let him do what he wanted. But that was nothing new. That could have nothing to do with the disappearance†¦after all that was his right.  His grandfather had done the same with his wife, his father had treated his mother the same way too and she had turned out fine hadn’t she?  So, why should he have treated his wife differently? She too was an Indian woman and for generations Indian women had been afflicted upon. So what made her so special? Why couldn’t he behave the same way with his wife as his male ancestors had with theirs? Two weeks passed and there was no news of Zeneve, even though the husband had put a notice in the local newspaper as well as a half-page ad in India West, which he’d photocopied and taped to all the neighbourhood lampposts. The ad had a photo of her, a close up taken in too bright sunlight where she gazed gravely at something beyond the camera.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"How on earth will you come up with that kind of money?† asked his friend’s. The husband confessed it would be difficult, but he’d manage somehow. His wife was more important to him, after all, than all the money in the world. And to prove it he went to the bank the very same day and brought home a sheaf of forms to fill in so that he could take out a second mortgage on the house. He kept calling the police station, too, but the police weren’t much help. (They were working on it apparently.) They’d checked the local hospitals and morgues, the shelters†¦but there were no leads. It didn’t look very hopeful.  So finally he called India over a faulty long-distance connection that made his voice echo eerily in his ear. He told his mother what had happened.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"My poor boy!† she wailed. â€Å"Left all alone† (the word flickered unpleasantly across his brain, left, left.)  Ã¢â‚¬Å"How can you possibly cope with the household and a child as well?† she added. And when he admitted that yes, it was very difficult, could she perhaps come and help out for a while if wasn’t too much trouble, she replied â€Å"Of course! I’ll come right away and stay as long as you need me too and what was all this English nonsense about too much trouble? You’re my only son aren’t you?† She even said tha t she would contact the wife’s family too so he wouldn’t have to deal with that awkwardness. He was relieved at his mother’s kind gesture. How could he possibly face his in-laws at a time like this? How would he tell them that there one and only daughter may never come back?  Within a week his mother had closed up the little flat she had lived in since her husband’s death, got hold of a special family emergency visa and was on her way. Almost as though she’d been waiting for something like this to happen, said some of the women spitefully. These were his wife’s friends, though in his opinion, acquitances would be a more accurate word. His wife had liked to keep to herself, which had been just fine with him. He was glad, he’d told her several times, that she didn’t spend hours chattering on the phone like the other Indian wives.  He was livid when this gossip reached him (perhaps because he had the same insidious thought for a moment, when at the airport, he noticed just how happy his mother looked.) â€Å"Really† he asserted to his friends, â€Å"some people see only what they want to see. Don’t you think it is a good thing she has come over?†

Computer Based Systems Essays - Systems Analysis, Diagrams

Computer Based Systems Essays - Systems Analysis, Diagrams Computer Based Systems The system Development Cycle What is it? The system development cycle is a method used to create a system where none has existed before and/or modify an existing system. It is sometimes simply called System Development. It involves a number of stages representing a standard strategy for taking a problem from start to finish. Two approaches: 1. Conservative-working systematically through the steps. 2. Radical-Cycling through the cycle several times until the final result is achieved. The Steps The above diagram shows that the system development cycle is represented by 5 broad stages: -Requirements Definition. -Analysis. -Design. -Implementation. -Operation and Evaluation. Requirements Definition Also known as: Requirements analysis or.Feasibility study. -Duration is relatively short compared to the rest of the development cycle. -It is important to get it right the first time else mistakes could be costly. In the worst case a large oversight would require starting over from step one. Aim The aim of this stage is to see how the present system functions and to identify the nature of the problem (problem definition). once the problem has been identified a report is compiled called a feasibility report. that report contains - (1) Objectives of the initial study (e.g. why a mail order firm takes longer than a week to dispatch orders). (2) depth of the initial study (e.g. Were interviews conducted with staff involved). (3) recommendations including an outline of the proposed development (e.g. redesign current computer system). After studying the report management have three options - (a) get a second opinion (b) do nothing (c) follow recommendations. If the investigation confirms that there is a problem further work and study may be needed. Analysis Aim The aim of the analysis stage is to answer the questions who, what, when, why. The three main processes in system analysis are (1) Data gathering, (2) Detailed analysis, (3) Report on the above findings. Data gathering What tasks are occurring, who is performing them, when are the tasks being performed. A range if methods can be used to gather data including (1) Study current documentation. (2) Interview (3) Questionnaires (4) Observation. Questionnaires usually involve closed or open style questions. Questionnaires Closed questions limit responses e.g. tick a box, yes/no, multiple choice. Open questions allow free written response. Observations This involves a system analyst visiting the organization to view current procedures, channels of communication and the flow of data through the organization. Detailed analysis at this stage data is collated , organized and analyzed. At this stage the system analyst may have an idea as to the solution of the problem. A range of tools may be used to assist in the analyst process :- (1) organizational charts (2) Statistical graphs or charts (3) data flow diagrams (4) Flowcharts (5) Data dictionaries (6) decision trees (7) Gantt chart Organization Charts - Illustrates the structure of the organization pictorially and shows how responsibilities are allocated within the organization. Exercise: Create an organization chart for either - (1) The school (2) Some other organization you know. Statistical graphs Graphs such as a pie or bar chart are particularly useful in reporting the results of closed questions. A Pie chart is much easier to interpret than a set of numbers. Data Flow Diagrams -Illustrates the movement of data through a system e.g. Flowcharts -Similar to algorithms -It is an accepted convention that flowcharts should fit on a single page. If it doesn't it is divided into smaller modules (Stepwise Refinement.) Data Dictionaries A data dictionary is a catalogue or listening of data items used within the information system. It is used to manage information resources and is particularly useful when working with databases e.g. Decision tree table Grannt charts A grannt chart is used to illustrate the time line for the actual system developement process. Dates for specific stages are set and these are used to control the development process. Analysis Analysis examines the areas of input processing and output Input Method used to gather input: (1) frequency (2) quantity (3) accuracy (4) cost (5) who is involved? Processing (1) how data is processed (2) processing speed (3) frequency (4) quantity (5) accuracy (6) cost (7) who is involved Output Availability of output Analysis report This report should include: (1) statement of the problem. (2) summary of current procedures used by the firm. (3) summary of current problems. (4) problems solution including feasibility, requirements, cost and the effect on people involved. (5) a general specification and preliminary suggestion for a problem solution. Once again management may choose to get a second opinion

Mental Heath. Write one an half pages on Suicide article. Please Essay

Mental Heath. Write one an half pages on Suicide article. Please hyperlink the article site - Essay Example Berman feel as though she had no other choice but to end her own life. Jennifer had once been considered a normal, loving wife and mother who boasted of her musically-talented children. However, a neighbor, Marian Sklodowski, said that something suddenly changed in Jennifer that was visibly apparent just days before the murder-suicide. â€Å"A couple of days ago, she was different†¦you could see it in her face, there was something missing, something disturbed in her mind† (Goldstein, 2014, p.2). This is an interesting case study in mental illness and the rapidity by which mental disturbances can begin, even in an individual who has been known to be quite normal and well-adjusted. A typical person, when facing mounting problems both financial and social, are able to cope through these hard times and ultimately find mental adjustment without resorting to drastic self-harm tactics. Jennifer Berman not only felt that her own death was appropriate, but determined that it would be the most viable solution for her children as well. This is a form of psychosis in which an individual loses all touch with reality and begins to believe deluded thoughts. In psychology, one is not easily, officially diagnosed with sustaining a psychotic disorder until certain variables have been excluded, such as diseases in the central nervous system or even ingested illicit drugs. However, there was no evidence that Berman maintained any of the aforementioned conditions, but she simply had new-onset psychosis as a result of poor personal coping mechanisms. The Berman case could be a fascinating case study on what triggers new-onset psychosis and why some individuals experiencing psychotic episodes are unable to restrict their impulsive actions. It would be highly beneficial to the medical and psychological communities to examine all of the factors over a period of time that led to psychosis and the desire to commit suicide and murder her

Sport and Exercise Psychology 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sport and Exercise Psychology 2 - Essay Example One of the most consistent findings within this vast research literature is the variability in well-being that people exhibit when they experience stressful life events. Constructs like vulnerability and resiliency reflect attempts to identify social, situational, and individual difference variables that either increase or decrease the likelihood that people will exhibit negative reactions to stressful events (Block & Block, 39–101, 2000; Compas, 393–403, 2000; Garmezy, 196–269, 2003; Kessler & McLeod, 620–631, 2003; Rutter, 389–395, 2000). Research on vulnerability and resiliency factors was stimulated in part by low and inconsistent relations between life events and outcome measures. Although statistically significant relations between negative life events and self-report measures of physical and psychological well-being have frequently been reported, seldom has more than 10–15% of the outcome variance been accounted for in studies using prospective designs. When objective outcome measures of physical well-being have been used, thereby eliminating the potential role of self-report biases, the amount of variance accounted for has shrunk to 1–5% (Rabkin & Streuning 389–395, 2004; Schroeder & Costa 389–395, 2003). Faced with a pattern of weak and inconsistent results, researchers have sought to identify psychosocial moderator variables that might affect the nature and magnitude of relations between life stress and well-being. Many studies have demonstrated that taking into account factors suc h as social support and certain personality variables results in stronger relations between life stress and both psychological and medical outcome measures (e.g., Barrera 389–395, 2002; Sarason, Sarason, Potter, & Antoni 389–395, 2003; Smith, Johnson, & Sarason, 188-235, 2003; Stone, Helder, & Schneider 389–395, 2002; Thoits

KOPI Restaurant Social Media Strategy Research Paper

KOPI Restaurant Social Media Strategy - Research Paper Example In most cases, this group comprises of couples, young adults as well as families residing in this place, whose main interests and hobbies include visiting coffee shops and reading among others. These people were thought to become the first adopters since they are the first to visit restaurants, coffee shops, test new technological gadgets, active on social media among other important features. This paper examines some of the reasons that caused the company to fail in its social media marketing approaches, while recommending some changes to be in done in a bid to achieve the set goals and objectives and position KOPI as the restaurant of choice among the target audience in New York City. In its analysis, the paper will focus on how ineffective the earlier strategies were since they were not quite interactive and engaging making the target audience to fail to respond to it as earlier planned. KOPI’s mission statement has always been to introduce a variety of tastes of Indonesian cuisine as well as coffee to the market in New York. In doing this, the company will be fulfilling its vision statement which is offering varieties of food specialties as well as beverages that are purely a representative of the Indonesian atmosphere and culture. The restaurant has done a lot to get started and achieve success in its marketing and performance; however, all these goals have never been effectively achieved because of reliance on poor approaches to social media marketing (Arline para 4-7). Having a target group that has a high affinity for new technology and are willing to try out new ideas, the restaurant would have managed to attract many of its target audience. However, the approaches used in the past have been in conformity with the set vision and mission statements making it hard for it to achieve success. The failure of the use of tight strategies made the target

Civil Rights in the 1960s Essay Example for Free

Civil Rights in the 1960s Essay Have you ever sat down and wondered to yourself, what it would be like if schools, restrooms, restaurants, and even public transportation were still segregated today? The majority of people who were born after the 1970’s take for granted how lucky we are as a country and nation to have overcome slavery and the steps against racism we have battled are way through. Slavery was ended when Abraham Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and was later ratified in December of 1865. Though this law ordered the end to slavery it did very little if nothing to stop the racism that was given towards blacks or any other minority. Until the late 1950’s not many presidents or Congressman had tried to legislate civil rights laws. The Civil Rights struggle that heated up to its climax in the 1960’s was neither a simple nor wanted task by any means. Many Presidents tried taking on the civil rights movement starting with Harry S. Truman. Truman was not for racial equality among blacks and often said so, but he wanted fairness and equality before the law (Patterson 378-382). Once Truman got the ball rolling for the first time since Abraham Lincoln, Truman pushed for a Civil Rights bill and the movement quickly started to escalate and it became one of the main issues of American politics. The next man to take office was John F Kennedy; Kennedy acted as though he had plans to address civil rights issues and is known for saying â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you†¦ask what you can do for your country† in his inaugural address( ). Kennedy’s plans were never met in his short time as president due to assignation in 1963. Kennedy dying meant Lyndon Johnson was the next president to take president and her went on to make the next big civil rights legislation when the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was established. It took the support of millions and the lives of thousands for our country to realize that people should not be segregated because of their ethnicity or color of their skin. One of the first and largest groups of civil rights movement supporters was young people and in particular college students. A college student in 1963 saw a very different daily landscape than a current college student sees today. Today kids grow up side by side with minority kids throughout their daily lives; back then they might have been the lucky few and grown up looking at blacks as equals, but more than likely they viewed them as inferiors, or even just plain animals. Then these young racists knew know better and went away to College and found themselves in one of the first places you could find support of the civil rights movement. There are many reasons to why the ball picked up speed so fast at universities. The first reason being the young people of the 60’s had not lived alongside slaves or indentured servants nor did they see the great depression or WW2 as had many of their parents and politicians of the times, so they had a different view on racism. The young people of the 60’s were viewed by the older generations specially those of the south, as being soft for not having to deal with the hardships they had to such as the great depression and the World Wars ( ). Instead of going to work before graduating high school like people in the1920’s and 1930’s people were graduating high school and even getting jobs. This caused for a more educated and affluent generation which usually runs along with having certain moral standings such as treating people of a different race equally to people of your own. With a generation bigger than ever before and more people going to college than ever before it caused for a huge explosion of self-freedom. There was many different ways students would show there want of freedom (Patterson 407-408). A very common practice in the 1960’s was for blacks and fellow college students to have sit-in’s at all white diners or transportation places. These sit-ins consisted of a group or single African American going in and taking a seat where only whites are allowed to sit and refuse to leave. Hundreds of sit-ins occurred around the nation and many taking place on university campuses run by students themselves. Several of these sit-ins are famed for the effectiveness they afterwards achieved and others for the violence that was caused upon the protestors (Patterson 382-386).The most famous case is the story of Rosa Parks. Rosa Parks was on a public bus in the racist Montgomery, Alabama when the bus driver asked her to give her colored seat to a white man, because the white section was full. Rosa refused to get out of her seat and it resulted in her getting arrested. Rosa was not the first African American to refuse leaving her seat for a white person but she was viewed by th e NAACP as the best case to fight in court.( ) In the famous words of Jesse Jackson, â€Å"In many ways, history is marked as before and after Rosa Parks. She sat down in order that we all might stand up, and the walls of segregation began to come down( ).The support of white students to follow fellow African American students to sit-ins was not always there. Local and national news stations started to air live footage of what was happening on the streets to protestors of segregation. The emotion put on a young college student when they see one of their peers that attend college to get an education just like them gets blasted with a fire hose from ten feet away or gets viciously attacked by police dogs. This picture caused thousands of other students to want to fight for change as well. Along with the new access to live feed news there were people such as Martin Luther King Jr. who were doing all they could to paint the realistic picture of the life of an American black man during segregation. Luther got his point across in multiple ways including his famous memoir, â€Å"Why We Can’t Wait†, in this memoir he explains how horrible the everyday life of an African American in America can be and how politicians for years have just looked over the horrific treatment of blacks and that it has been too long and the time is now(King Jr 11-13). Besides the sit-ins occurring across the nation African Americans and whites were also organizing marches to protest segregation as well. Along with the marches inspiring speeches such as Martin Luther King’s famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech were given. King’s 17 minute speech that was given in front of over 250,000 Americans on the steps of Lincoln Memorial, is one of the most well-known and moving speeches in American history(Patterson385-386). A large number of the people in the crowd were college students, due to the appeal Martin Luther King drew from young people. He gained this appeal by talking of equality of races and the chance for any man or woman to become whatever they pleased and not be held back due to race, religion or any other difference a person may have. While students saw the abuse blacks were taking simply for the color of their skin they started to join together on marches and attending civil rights rallies. The more the King, Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks, and many others protested and spread the word of unfair treatment the more support of younger generation people began to support the civil rights movement. Another reason for the large involvement of college students within the civil rights movement of the 1960’s was due to the dramatically growing amount of student organized groups that were fighting for true democracy and equality to all. One of these organizations was the Students for Democratic Society (SDS). SDS was founded in 1960 but had roots dating to the early 1900’s; the goal of SDS was to mainly protest and voice the message that equality to all and peaceful means makes a successful country ( ). SDS was not the only organization that was taking big steps to get the civil rights movement moving, there were hundreds if not thousands of organizations that were meeting about and protesting the civil rights movement. These groups were known for telling young people what they wanted to hear and some even became militant groups. Membership in these organizations grew drastically once Lyndon Johnson started sending more and more troops into Vietnam. The Vietnam War itself had little impact on the civil rights movement of the United States, but it did however portray the world image that America was not going to let communistic governments take control of countries and deny their own people of civil rights. Many Americans did not agree with the war and saw it was neither the time nor the place to go and fight a war on foreign soil when the devastating effects of WW2 were still in the back of people’s minds. The largest critic of the war was overwhelming young people, they saw themselves as the ones being sent to die for a reason that was not worthy of American lives. Though segregation and a war in Asia seem to have little in common on the surface, during the reform of the 1960’s they found each other going hand in hand. Many African Americans of the United States believed that if we were fighting in a foreign country to reserve their people’s civil rights, then they would soon get their civil rights protected as well. They were mistaken and by this and the huge support of the anti-war movement and the animosity growing against the current segregation laws molded into one giant movement. This movement being carried by young people, who saw the possibility of change, carried throughout the nation and became the biggest civil rights movement in American history since abolishing slavery (Patterson 413-422). Now that we have an idea of what growing up with segregation looks like and how it can split a nation in two, I think I can say that joining the activist movement when it began in the 1960’s was almost a no brainer to many young people of that generation. They had a tremendous amount of pressure from their fellow black peers to be viewed as equals, they had an unwanted war fueling a large part of the country, and they were also a generation that believed in change and ending the horrible acts that were committed under segregation. With all the pressures from outside sources and the generation as a whole going through a freedom crisis, college students came together and became the perfect torch barrier’s for the civil rights movement.

Radiographic Evaluation of Soft Palate Morphology

Radiographic Evaluation of Soft Palate Morphology Title: Radiographic evaluation of soft palate morphology and correlation with gender on lateral cephalograms Introduction: The soft palate is the posterior fibro muscular part of the palate that is attached to the posterior edge of the hard palate.1 It participates in most of the oral functions, especially in velopharyngeal closure which is related to the normal functions of sucking, swallowing and pronunciation.2 The palate is formed by the fusion of three components; the two palatal processes and the frontonasal process. At a later stage, the mesoderm in the palate undergoes intramembraneous ossification to form the hard palate. However, the ossification does not extend into the most posterior portion which remains as the soft palate. Early references concerning the objective measurements of the soft palate have been done by investigators for assessment of speech, function and the upper airway structures.3-11 Although these continued efforts toward the dimensional analysis of the soft palate and its surrounding structures have been made, little attention has been paid to the variety of soft palate morp hology and configuration. Image of the soft palate on lateral cephalometry appears to have various morphologies in normal individuals, in contrast to the only one kind published in the literature. Pepin et al found the ‘‘hooked’’ appearance of the soft palate in patients who were awake, which indicated a high risk for the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.12 The purpose of the present study is to investigate the variation of the soft palate morphology and the proportional differences of the soft palate between the two gender groups. This study can be helpful for understanding the various morphologies of the soft palate in the median sagittal plane on lateral cephalograms. These findings may be used not only as references for the normal soft palate, but also for cleft reconstruction and the etiological research of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and other conditions. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal. Instructional ethical committee approval was obtained for the study. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of individuals subjected to radiographic examination for orthodontic purpose were retrieved for the study from the archives of departments of Oral Medicine and Radiology and Orthodontics. A total of 100 digital lateral cephalograms of normal healthy individuals (50 males and 50 females) who were aged 15-45 years were retrieved from November 2014 to February 2015. All the subjects who had normal speech and function were included in this study. Radiographs of good quality and visibility of soft palate were included. Patients with facial or palatal deformities or facial trauma were excluded. Poor quality radiographs and radiographs with incomplete details were also excluded. All lateral cephalograms were taken using orthopantomograph (Planmeca) with a tube potential adjusted to optimize the contrast. All the images on the radiographs were observed and classified into 6 types by 2 radiologists independently according to You M et al., (2008).1 The six types of morphology of the soft palate are as follows: Type 1: ‘‘leaf shape’’, which was lanceolate, indicated that the middle portion of the soft palate elevated to both the naso and the oro-side Type 2: when the soft palate showed that the anterior portion was inflated and the free margin had an obvious coarctation, the radiographic appearance was described as having a ‘‘rat-tail shape’’ Type 3: a ‘‘butt-like’’ soft palate showed a shorter and fatter velum appearance, and the width had almost no distinct difference from the anterior portion to the free margin Type 4 indicated that the image of the soft palate presented a ‘‘straight line shape’ Type 5: the distorted soft palate, presented the S-shape Type 6 revealed a ‘‘crook’’ appearance of the soft palate, in which the posterior portion of the soft palate crooks anteriosuperiorly The pattern of the soft palate on the digital lateral cephalograms was highlighted with curve tool in Microsoft power point. The assessment of the soft palate morphology was carried out twice by two radiologists. Since there were no differences in classification between the two radiologists, reliability was considered to be acceptable. All the analysis was done using SPSS version 18. A p-value of Results: A total 100 radiographs were studied for shapes of soft palate out of which 50 were males. The age of the subjects was 20.91Â ±3.63 with age range of 18 – 45 years. Type 1 was most commonest shape of the soft palate (30%) followed by Type 6 (19%), Type 2 and 3 (17% and 17%), type 4 (11%) with least being type 5 (6%) (Figure 1). A total of 50 male and 50 female radiographs were used for our study. Among males, Type 1 was the commonest (38%) followed by type 6 (22%), Type 2 and 3 (14 and 14) with least being type 4 and 5 (6 and 6%) respectively. In females, Type 1 (22%) was the commonest followed by type 2 and 3 (20 and 20%), type 4 (16%), type 6 (16%) with least being type 5 (6%). However, there was no significant difference in the distribution of shape of soft palate between males and females (p=0.312) (Table 1). Table 1: Comparison of shape of soft palate between males and females Chi-square test Discussion: Cephalometric analysis is one of the most commonly accepted techniques for evaluating the soft palate in both normal individuals and those with cleft palate. Cephalometry is a relatively inexpensive method and permits a good assessment of the soft tissue elements that define the soft palate morphology and its surrounding structures.1,8 Much of the former research that studied the soft palate and its surrounding structures was aimed at providing some information on diagnosis, prediction and treatment in individuals with cleft palate. The soft palate plays a large role in velopharyngeal closure, which refers to the normal apposition of the soft palate with the posterior and lateral pharyngeal walls. It is primarily a sphincteric mechanism consisting of velar and pharyngeal components. The movement separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity during deglutition and speech. When the velum and lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls fail to separate the two cavities, velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) occurs.1 In our study, the leaf-shaped soft palate was the most frequent type, which is an expected finding since this type was previously described as a classic velar morphology in the literature. This was in accordance with the previous studies reported in the literature.1,13-15 However, Type -2 (Rat tail shaped) was reported to be commonest by Praveen et al., 2011.16 While the S-shape was seen in only few cases, it can be supposed that the number of subjects in the investigation was not large enough. The S-shape, which was described as a hooked appearance of the soft palate by Pepin et al.,17 was found in 5.8% subjects in our study. They hypothesized that soft palate-hooking plays a key role in pharyngeal collapse, since hooking results in a sudden and major reduction in the oropharyngeal dimensions, which therefore dramatically increases upper airway resistance and the transpharyngeal pressure gradient. Pepin et al., therefore concluded that hooking of the soft palate in awake patients in dicates a high risk for OSAS.17 In our study, the difference between gender didn’t exist in the comparison of the proportion of the various morphology of soft palate. This was similar to that reported by Praveen et al., 201116 while previous study by You et al.1 reported gender differences, wherein type 2 and 3 were significantly less in females than males. Type 1 was the most comments type among males and females in our study which was followed by type 2 and 3. This was similar to the study reported by Kruthika S et al., 2012.15 This classification can help us better understand the diversity of the velar morphology in the median sagittal plane. These findings can be used as references for the research of velopharyngeal closure in cleft palate individuals and for aetiological research of OSAS and other conditions.